The Influence of Skin Colour on the Experience of Ownership in the Rubber Hand Illusion

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2017 Nov 18

PMID 29147006

Citations 11

Authors

Marilia Lira

Julia H Egito

Patricia A DallAgnol

David M Amodio

Oscar F Goncalves

Paulo S Boggio

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Racial prejudice is associated with a fundamental distinction between "us" and "them"-a distinction linked to the perceived overlap between representations of the self and others. Implicit prejudice has been shown to reduce the intensity of White individuals' hand ownership sensation as induced by the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) with dark rubber hands. However, evidence for this link to implicit prejudice comes from self-report questionnaire data regarding the RHI. As an alternative, we assessed the onset time of the RHI. We hypothesized that onset time of the RHI would be higher for the black compared to the white RH, acting as the mediator between implicit prejudice and magnitude of the RH illusion and proprioceptive drift. As expected, participants took longer to incorporate the black RH and presented lower RH illusion magnitude and a smaller proprioceptive drift for the black RH. Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of implicit racial bias on proprioceptive drift and magnitude of illusion through onset time to illusion only for the black RH. These findings further illuminate the connection between implicit prejudice and embodied perception, suggesting new perspectives on how implicit biases operate.

Citing Articles

Shaping corticospinal pathways in virtual reality: effects of task complexity and sensory feedback during mirror therapy in neurologically intact individuals.

Norris T, Augenstein T, Rodriguez K, Claflin E, Krishnan C J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024; 21(1):154.

PMID: 39232841 PMC: 11373181. DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01454-2.

Individual Differences in Bodily Self-Consciousness and Its Neural Basis.

Wu H, Huang Y, Qin P, Wu H Brain Sci. 2024; 14(8).

PMID: 39199487 PMC: 11353174. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080795.

Uncertainty-based inference of a common cause for body ownership.

Chancel M, Ehrsson H, Ma W Elife. 2022; 11.

PMID: 36165441 PMC: 9555868. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.77221.

Effects of virtual hands and feet on the onset time and duration of illusory body ownership.

Kondo R, Sugimoto M Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):11802.

PMID: 35821275 PMC: 9276807. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15835-x.

Toxic stress and burnout: John Henryism and social dominance in the laboratory and STEM workforce.

Rolle T, Vue Z, Murray S, Shareef S, Shuler H, Beasley H Pathog Dis. 2021; 79(7).

PMID: 34410372 PMC: 8435059. DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab041.

References

Ofan R, Rubin N, Amodio D . Seeing race: N170 responses to race and their relation to automatic racial attitudes and controlled processing. J Cogn Neurosci. 2011; 23(10):3153-61. DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00014. View

Rohde M, Di Luca M, Ernst M . The Rubber Hand Illusion: feeling of ownership and proprioceptive drift do not go hand in hand. PLoS One. 2011; 6(6):e21659. PMC: 3125296. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021659. View

Greenwald A, Nosek B, Banaji M . Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003; 85(2):197-216. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197. View

Petkova V, Ehrsson H . If I were you: perceptual illusion of body swapping. PLoS One. 2008; 3(12):e3832. PMC: 2585011. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003832. View

Maister L, Sebanz N, Knoblich G, Tsakiris M . Experiencing ownership over a dark-skinned body reduces implicit racial bias. Cognition. 2013; 128(2):170-8. PMC: 3750641. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.04.002. View

Lloyd D . Spatial limits on referred touch to an alien limb may reflect boundaries of visuo-tactile peripersonal space surrounding the hand. Brain Cogn. 2006; 64(1):104-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.09.013. View

Longo M, Kammers M, Gomi H, Tsakiris M, Haggard P . Contraction of body representation induced by proprioceptive conflict. Curr Biol. 2009; 19(17):R727-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.024. View

Botvinick M, Cohen J . Rubber hands 'feel' touch that eyes see. Nature. 1998; 391(6669):756. DOI: 10.1038/35784. View

Tsakiris M, Hesse M, Boy C, Haggard P, Fink G . Neural signatures of body ownership: a sensory network for bodily self-consciousness. Cereb Cortex. 2006; 17(10):2235-44. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhl131. View

10.

Tsakiris M . My body in the brain: a neurocognitive model of body-ownership. Neuropsychologia. 2009; 48(3):703-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034. View

11.

Avenanti A, Sirigu A, Aglioti S . Racial bias reduces empathic sensorimotor resonance with other-race pain. Curr Biol. 2010; 20(11):1018-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.071. View

12.

Haans A, IJsselsteijn W, de Kort Y . The effect of similarities in skin texture and hand shape on perceived ownership of a fake limb. Body Image. 2008; 5(4):389-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.04.003. View

13.

OLDFIELD R . The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971; 9(1):97-113. DOI: 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4. View

14.

Farmer H, Maister L, Tsakiris M . Change my body, change my mind: the effects of illusory ownership of an outgroup hand on implicit attitudes toward that outgroup. Front Psychol. 2014; 4:1016. PMC: 3888940. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.01016. View

15.

Normand J, Giannopoulos E, Spanlang B, Slater M . Multisensory stimulation can induce an illusion of larger belly size in immersive virtual reality. PLoS One. 2011; 6(1):e16128. PMC: 3023777. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016128. View

16.

Bufalari I, Lenggenhager B, Porciello G, Holmes B, Aglioti S . Enfacing others but only if they are nice to you. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014; 8:102. PMC: 3975105. DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00102. View

17.

Schutz-Bosbach S, Tausche P, Weiss C . Roughness perception during the rubber hand illusion. Brain Cogn. 2009; 70(1):136-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.01.006. View

18.

Haggard P, Taylor-Clarke M, Kennett S . Tactile perception, cortical representation and the bodily self. Curr Biol. 2003; 13(5):R170-3. DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00115-5. View

19.

Ehrsson H, Spence C, Passingham R . That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb. Science. 2004; 305(5685):875-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.1097011. View

20.

Aimola Davies A, White R . A sensational illusion: vision-touch synaesthesia and the rubber hand paradigm. Cortex. 2012; 49(3):806-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.01.007. View