Association Between Nutrition Resource Stress and Dietary Consumption: Results From a U.S. Nationally Representative Survey
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Background: There is little research on how affective reactions (e.g., stress) to perceptions of nutritious food accessibility contribute to dietary behaviors.
Aims: This study explores whether stress associated with limited access to nutritious foods-termed nutrition resource stress (NRS)-contributes to diet outcomes, and whether these associations are mediated by health-related self-efficacy.
Method: Using data from the cross-sectional National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey, analyses were conducted to examine whether reported NRS was associated with specific dietary behaviors (i.e., fewer servings of fruit/vegetables; more servings of sugar-sweetened soda; N = 3,112).
Results: Analyses revealed a main association such that NRS was negatively associated with fruit/vegetable consumption (β = -0.08, p = .016). There was a negative association between NRS and self-efficacy (β = -0.11, p < .001). There was no significant association between NRS and soda consumption. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect association between NRS and fruit/vegetable consumption, mediated by perceived health-related self-efficacy (β = -0.03, 95% confidence interval [-.04, -.01], p < .0001). Given that self-efficacy (the mediator) was not significantly associated with soda consumption (β = 0.01, p = .912), mediation analyses were not conducted for this outcome.
Conclusion: This study suggests that stress associated with perceptions of inability to access nutritious foods may influence dietary behaviors, and points to a psychological mechanism (i.e., self-efficacy) that may explain the association. In addition to improving objective barriers of access to healthy foods, future interventions might address ways of improving nutritious food-related self-efficacy or perceived stress related to obtaining healthy foods.
Norwood R, Cruwys T, Chachay V, Sheffield J Obes Sci Pract. 2019; 5(2):148-158.
PMID: 31019732 PMC: 6469437. DOI: 10.1002/osp4.325.