Effects of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove Intervention on Pollutant Exposure and Adult Cardiopulmonary Outcomes (CHAP): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Overview

Journal Trials

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties General Medicine
Pharmacology

Date 2017 Nov 5

PMID 29100550

Citations 27

Authors

Magdalena Fandino-Del-Rio

Dina Goodman

Josiah L Kephart

Catherine H Miele

Kendra N Williams

Mitra Moazzami

Elizabeth C Fung

Kirsten Koehler

Victor G Davila-Roman

Kathryn A Lee

Saachi Nangia

Steven A Harvey

Kyle Steenland

Gustavo F Gonzales

William Checkley

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Biomass fuel smoke is a leading risk factor for the burden of disease worldwide. International campaigns are promoting the widespread adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in resource-limited settings. However, it is unclear if the introduction and use of LPG stoves, in settings where biomass fuels are used daily, reduces pollution concentration exposure, improves health outcomes, or how cultural and social barriers influence the exclusive adoption of LPG stoves.

Methods: We will conduct a randomized controlled, field intervention trial of LPG stoves and fuel distribution in rural Puno, Peru, in which we will enroll 180 female participants aged 25-64 years and follow them for 2 years. After enrollment, we will collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, household characteristics, and cooking practices. During the first year of the study, LPG stoves and fuel tanks will be delivered to the homes of 90 intervention participants. During the second year, participants in the intervention arm will keep their LPG stoves, but the gas supply will stop. Control participants will receive LPG stoves and vouchers to obtain free fuel from distributors at the beginning of the second year, but gas will not be delivered. Starting at baseline, we will collect longitudinal measurements of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, blood pressure, endothelial function, carotid artery intima-media thickness, 24-h dietary recalls, exhaled carbon monoxide, quality-of-life indicators, and stove-use behaviors. Environmental exposure assessments will occur six times over the 2-year follow-up period, consisting of 48-h personal exposure and kitchen concentration measurements of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide, and 48-h kitchen concentrations of nitrogen dioxide for a subset of 100 participants.

Discussion: Findings from this study will allow us to better understand behavioral patterns, environmental exposures, and cardiovascular and pulmonary outcomes resulting from the adoption of LPG stoves. If this trial indicates that LPG stoves are a feasible and effective way to reduce household air pollution and improve health, it will provide important information to support widespread adoption of LPG fuel as a strategy to reduce the global burden of disease.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02994680 , Cardiopulmonary Outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) Trial. Registered on 28 November 2016.

Citing Articles

Exposure Contrasts of Women Aged 40-79 Years during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial.

Ye W, Campbell D, Johnson M, Balakrishnan K, Peel J, Steenland K Environ Sci Technol. 2025; 59(1):69-81.

PMID: 39807588 PMC: 11740992. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06337.

Solar thermal cooking device for domestic cooking applications: Bridging sustainable development goals and innovation.

R S, G S, T M, J L, R J, P M Heliyon. 2024; 10(19):e38415.

PMID: 39398057 PMC: 11467562. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38415.

Testing the effectiveness of household fuel conservation strategies: Policy implications for increasing the affordability of exclusive clean cooking.

Williams K, Kamenar K, Kephart J, Chiang M, Hartinger S, Checkley W Environ Int. 2023; 180:108223.

PMID: 37748372 PMC: 10732248. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108223.

Sustained use of liquefied petroleum gas following one year of free fuel and behavioral support in Puno, Peru.

Williams K, Kephart J, Fandino-Del-Rio M, Nicolaou L, Koehler K, Harvey S Energy Sustain Dev. 2023; 73:13-22.

PMID: 36798733 PMC: 9928150. DOI: 10.1016/j.esd.2023.01.005.

Effects of a household air pollution intervention using liquefied petroleum gas stoves, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging on dietary and sodium intake of adult women in Puno, Peru: a randomised controlled trial.

Tarazona-Meza C, Williams K, Malpartida G, Kephart J, Fandino-Del-Rio M, Simkovich S Public Health Nutr. 2023; 26(8):1686-1695.

PMID: 36793234 PMC: 10410368. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980023000320.

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