Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Two Years of Age for Premature Infants Diagnosed With Neonatal Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Overview

Journal J Clin Sleep Med

Specialties Neurology
Psychiatry

Date 2017 Oct 26

PMID 29065963

Citations 5

Authors

Anuja Bandyopadhyay

Heidi Harmon

James E Slaven

Ameet S Daftary

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Study Objectives: Neurocognitive deficits have been shown in school-aged children with sleep apnea. The effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants is unknown.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all preterm infants (< 37 weeks) who had neonatal polysomnography (PSG) and completed neurodevelopmental assessment with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition, between 2006 to 2015 at Riley Hospital. Exclusion criteria included grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage, tracheostomy, cyanotic heart disease, severe retinopathy of prematurity, craniofacial anomalies, or central and mixed apnea on PSG. Sleep apnea was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 1 event/h. Regression analyses were performed to find a relationship between PSG parameters and cognitive, language, and motor scores.

Results: Fifteen patients (males: n = 10) were eligible for the study. Median postmenstrual age at the time of the PSG was 41 weeks (37-46). Median AHI for the cohort was 17.4 events/h (2.2-41.3). Median cognitive, language, and motor scores were 90 (65-125), 89 (65-121), and 91 (61-112), respectively. Mean end-tidal CO (median 47 mm Hg [25-60]) negatively correlated with cognitive scores ( = .01) but did not significantly correlate with language or motor scores. AHI was not associated with cognitive, language, or motor scores.

Conclusions: The median score for cognitive, language, and motor scores for preterm infants with neonatal OSA were within one standard deviation of the published norm. Mean end-tidal CO, independent of AHI, may serve as a biomarker for predicting poor cognitive outcome in preterm infants with neonatal OSA.

Commentary: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 1233.

Citing Articles

Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children: A Retrospective Study of 419 Cases and Polysomnographic Findings with Implications for Rapid Treatment.

Chmielik L, Kasprzyk A, Sala Z, Chmielik T, Hatlinski G, Mielnik-Niedzielska G Children (Basel). 2025; 12(2).

PMID: 40003324 PMC: 11854831. DOI: 10.3390/children12020222.

Respiratory and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 3 Years of Age of Neonates Diagnosed with Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Mehta B, Waters K, Fitzgerald D, Badawi N J Clin Med. 2024; 13(18).

PMID: 39337016 PMC: 11432704. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185527.

Survey of the practices of neonatologists in managing neonates believed to be at high risk of sleep disordered breathing.

Mehta B, Waters K, Fitzgerald D, Badawi N BMJ Paediatr Open. 2021; 5(1):e000979.

PMID: 33681476 PMC: 7898842. DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000979.

Sleep and prematurity: sleep outcomes in preterm children and influencing factors.

Gogou M, Haidopoulou K, Pavlou E World J Pediatr. 2019; 15(3):209-218.

PMID: 30830664 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00240-8.

Sleep-disordered breathing is common among term and near term infants in the NICU.

Meerkov M, Hassan F, Chervin R, Barks J, Carlson M, Shellhaas R Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019; 54(5):557-562.

PMID: 30688037 PMC: 6486415. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24266.

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