Isolation and Evaluation of Species and Their Association with CD4 T Cells Counts in HIV Patients with Diarrhoea

Overview

Journal Afr Health Sci

Date 2017 Oct 25

PMID 29062326

Citations 10

Authors

Ayobami Awoyeni

Olarinde Olaniran

Babatunde Odetoyin

Rachel Hassan-Olajokun

Bolatito Olopade

David Afolayan

Oluwakayode Adekunle

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal infection is one of the most common infections among HIV patients. spp have been implicated in the aetiology of chronic diarrhoea in HIV patients, but little is known about this in Nigeria.

Objectives: We determined the prevalence of faecal candidiasis in HIV patients in relation to diarrhoea, CD4 counts, and other socio-demographic factors and the spectrum of isolates involved.

Methods: One hundred and fifty four HIV patients were investigated. species were identified by standard techniques. Socio-demographic and clinical information was obtained from the patients using a structured questionnaire. The CD4 count was estimated using a single platform flow cytometer.

Results: overgrowth was detected in 61 (39.5%) HIV patients, and diarrhoea was associated with candidiasis in the subjects (P=0.001). Candidiasis was commonly detected among subjects in the 29-39 years' age group. A CD4 count below 200 cells/mm (62.3%) was a risk factor for acquiring candidiasis among HIV patients (P=0.001). (65.6%) was the most frequently recovered species followed by (16.4%) and (14.8%).

Conclusion: Candidiasis is an important opportunistic infection in HIV-patients in Ile-Ife. There is need for regular checks for opportunistic infections, including candidiasis in HIV patients to monitor disease progression and prevent subsequent complications.

Citing Articles

The Role of Microbiome and Probiotics in Chemo-Radiotherapy-Induced Diarrhea: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence.

Khorashadizadeh S, Abbasifar S, Yousefi M, Fayedeh F, Moodi Ghalibaf A Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2024; 7(10):e70029.

PMID: 39410854 PMC: 11480522. DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70029.

Distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile of oropharyngeal species isolated from people living with HIV in the era of universal test and treat policy in Uganda.

Benson M, Turyamuhika L, Mwesigwa A, Nalumaga P, Kabajulizi I, Njovu I Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2024; 11:20499361241255261.

PMID: 38812710 PMC: 11135083. DOI: 10.1177/20499361241255261.

Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of etiologic agents of oral candidiasis among HIV-positive patients: A multicenter study.

Morovati H, Jokari M, Eslami S, Zomorodian K, Taeri K, Khalaf N Curr Med Mycol. 2024; 9(2):10-16.

PMID: 38375522 PMC: 10874477. DOI: 10.18502/CMM.2023.345058.1414.

Revisiting the Intestinal Microbiome and Its Role in Diarrhea and Constipation.

Iancu M, Profir M, Rosu O, Ionescu R, Cretoiu S, Gaspar B Microorganisms. 2023; 11(9).

PMID: 37764021 PMC: 10538221. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092177.

can foster gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation during HIV infection.

Zaongo S, Ouyang J, Isnard S, Zhou X, Harypursat V, Cui H Gut Microbes. 2023; 15(1):2167171.

PMID: 36722096 PMC: 9897780. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2167171.

References

Calderone R, Fonzi W . Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol. 2001; 9(7):327-35. DOI: 10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02094-7. View

Wilcox C . Etiology and evaluation of diarrhea in AIDS:a global perspective at the millennium. World J Gastroenterol. 2002; 6(2):177-186. PMC: 4723481. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v6.i2.177. View

Mardh P, Novikova N, Stukalova E . Colonisation of extragenital sites by Candida in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis. BJOG. 2003; 110(10):934-7. View

Mirhendi H, Makimura K, Khoramizadeh M, Yamaguchi H . A one-enzyme PCR-RFLP assay for identification of six medically important Candida species. Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 2006; 47(3):225-9. DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.47.225. View

Costa C, Cohen A, Fernandes O, Miranda K, Passos X, Souza L . Asymptomatic oral carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2006; 48(5):257-61. DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652006000500004. View

Vaishnavi C, Kaur S, Prakash S . Speciation of fecal Candida isolates in antibiotic-associated diarrhea in non-HIV patients. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008; 61(1):1-4. View

Cohen M, Hellmann N, Levy J, DeCock K, Lange J . The spread, treatment, and prevention of HIV-1: evolution of a global pandemic. J Clin Invest. 2008; 118(4):1244-54. PMC: 2276790. DOI: 10.1172/JCI34706. View

Enwuru C, Ogunledun A, Idika N, Enwuru N, Ogbonna F, Aniedobe M . Fluconazole resistant opportunistic oro-pharyngeal Candida and non-Candida yeast-like isolates from HIV infected patients attending ARV clinics in Lagos, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2009; 8(3):142-8. PMC: 2583271. View

Taiwo O, Hassan Z . The impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on the clinical features of HIV - related oral lesions in Nigeria. AIDS Res Ther. 2010; 7:19. PMC: 2903493. DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-7-19. View

10.

Owotade F, Patel M, Ralephenya T, Vergotine G . Oral Candida colonization in HIV-positive women: associated factors and changes following antiretroviral therapy. J Med Microbiol. 2012; 62(Pt 1):126-132. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.047522-0. View

11.

Anwar K, Malik A, Subhan K . Profile of candidiasis in HIV infected patients. Iran J Microbiol. 2012; 4(4):204-9. PMC: 3507311. View

12.

Esebelahie N, Enweani I, Omoregie R . Candida colonisation in asymptomatic HIV patients attending a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria. Libyan J Med. 2013; 8(1):20322. PMC: 3602435. DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v8i0.20322. View

13.

Guerrant R, Hughes J, Lima N, Crane J . Diarrhea in developed and developing countries: magnitude, special settings, and etiologies. Rev Infect Dis. 1990; 12 Suppl 1:S41-50. PMC: 7792920. DOI: 10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_1.s41. View

14.

Awofala A, Ogundele O . HIV epidemiology in Nigeria. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018; 25(4):697-703. PMC: 5937013. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.03.006. View

15.

Scerpella E, Gould S, Mathewson J, DuPont H . Methods for detection of an intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A response to Candida spp. and their preliminary application in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with chronic diarrhea. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1995; 2(2):246-8. PMC: 170138. DOI: 10.1128/cdli.2.2.246-248.1995. View

16.

Rosen M . Pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Med Clin North Am. 1994; 78(5):1067-79. DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30120-1. View