Binding of FUN14 Domain Containing 1 With Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor in Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes Maintains Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in Hearts in Vivo
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Background: FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is a highly conserved outer mitochondrial membrane protein. The aim of this study is to examine whether FUNDC1 modulates the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), mitochondrial morphology, and function in cardiomyocytes and intact hearts.
Methods: The impacts of FUNDC1 on MAMs formation and cardiac functions were studied in mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes, in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific gene knockout ( ), and in the cardiac tissues of the patients with heart failure.
Results: In mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes and intact hearts, FUNDC1 was localized in MAMs by binding to ER-resided inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate type 2 receptor (IPR2). ablation disrupted MAMs and reduced the levels of IPR2 and Ca in both mitochondria and cytosol, whereas overexpression of increased the levels of IPR2 and Ca in both mitochondria and cytosol. Consistently, ablation increased Ca levels in ER, whereas overexpression lowered ER Ca levels. Further, ablation in cardiomyocytes elongated mitochondria and compromised mitochondrial functions. Mechanistically, we found that ablation-induced reduction of intracellular Ca levels suppressed mitochondrial fission 1 protein () expression and mitochondrial fission by reducing the binding of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the promoter. mice but not their littermate control mice ( ) exhibited cardiac dysfunction. The ligation of the left ventricle artery of mice caused more severe cardiac dysfunction than those in sham-treated mice. Finally, we found that the FUNDC1/MAMs/CREB/Fis1 signaling axis was significantly suppressed in patients with heart failure.
Conclusions: We conclude that FUNDC1 binds to IPR2 to modulate ER Ca release into mitochondria and cytosol. Further, a disruption of the FUNDC1 and IPR2 interaction lowers the levels of Ca in mitochondria and cytosol, both of which instigate aberrant mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure.
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