Epigenetic Matters: The Link Between Early Nutrition, Microbiome, and Long-term Health Development

Overview

Journal Front Pediatr

Specialty Pediatrics

Date 2017 Sep 8

PMID 28879172

Citations 94

Authors

Flavia Indrio

Silvia Martini

Ruggiero Francavilla

Luigi Corvaglia

Fernanda Cristofori

Salvatore Andrea Mastrolia

Josef Neu

Samuli Rautava

Giovanna Russo Spena

Francesco Raimondi

Giuseppe Loverro

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Epigenetic modifications are among the most important mechanisms by which environmental factors can influence early cellular differentiation and create new phenotypic traits during pregnancy and within the neonatal period without altering the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. A number of antenatal and postnatal factors, such as maternal and neonatal nutrition, pollutant exposure, and the composition of microbiota, contribute to the establishment of epigenetic changes that can not only modulate the individual adaptation to the environment but also have an influence on lifelong health and disease by modifying inflammatory molecular pathways and the immune response. Postnatal intestinal colonization, in turn determined by maternal flora, mode of delivery, early skin-to-skin contact and neonatal diet, leads to specific epigenetic signatures that can affect the barrier properties of gut mucosa and their protective role against later insults, thus potentially predisposing to the development of late-onset inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to outline the epigenetic mechanisms of programming and development acting within early-life stages and to examine in detail the role of maternal and neonatal nutrition, microbiota composition, and other environmental factors in determining epigenetic changes and their short- and long-term effects.

Citing Articles

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Maternal oral probiotic use is associated with decreased breastmilk inflammatory markers, infant fecal microbiome variation, and altered recognition memory responses in infants-a pilot observational study.

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