The Clinical Phenomenon of Akathisia

Overview

Journal J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

Publisher BMJ Publishing Group

Specialties Neurology
Neurosurgery
Psychiatry

Date 1986 Aug 1

PMID 2875132

Citations 6

Authors

W R Gibb

A J Lees

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The subjective and motor phenomena of neuroleptic-induced akathisia were studied in two different populations of psychiatric patients. Thirty nine (41%) of 95 patients attending community psychiatric centres and psychiatric day hospitals experienced a compulsion to move about, and 52 (55%) complained of restlessness of the body. Of 842 psychiatric in-patients 159 found to have marked hyperkinesis were divided into three groups; group 1 with motor restlessness, and a subjective desire to move about or marching on the spot (27 patients), group 2 with choreo-athetotic movements and motor restlessness (79 patients) and an indeterminate group 3 (53), bearing more similarities to group 1 than group 2. Motor disturbances associated with akathisia were repeated leg crossing, swinging of one leg, lateral knee movements, sliding of the feet and rapid walking.

Citing Articles

Drug-induced akathisia - a preliminary report.

Ray D, Samajdar J, Khanna R Indian J Psychiatry. 2011; 34(2):159-61.

PMID: 21776118 PMC: 2981052.

Diagnosis and management of acute movement disorders.

Dressler D, Benecke R J Neurol. 2005; 252(11):1299-306.

PMID: 16208529 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-005-0006-x.

Research diagnostic criteria for drug-induced akathisia: conceptualization, rationale and proposal.

Sachdev P Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994; 114(1):181-6.

PMID: 7846202 DOI: 10.1007/BF02245462.

Relationship of neuroleptic-induced akathisia to drug-induced parkinsonism.

Sandyk R, Kay S Ital J Neurol Sci. 1990; 11(5):439-42.

PMID: 1980270 DOI: 10.1007/BF02336563.

Withdrawal effects of metoclopramide.

Noll A, Pinsky D West J Med. 1991; 154(6):726-8.

PMID: 1877215 PMC: 1002885.

References

Barnes T, Rossor M, Trauer T . A comparison of purposeless movements in psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, and normal individuals. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1983; 46(6):540-6. PMC: 1027445. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.46.6.540. View

Kruse W . Persistent muscular restlessness after phenothiazine treatment: report of 3 cases. Am J Psychiatry. 1960; 117:152-3. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.117.2.152. View

Van Putten T . Why do schizophrenic patients refuse to take their drugs?. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974; 31(1):67-72. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760130049008. View

KUMAR B . An unusual case of akathisia. Am J Psychiatry. 1979; 136(8):1088. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.136.8.1088. View

FREYHAN F . Therapeutic implications of differential effects of new phenothiazine compounds. Am J Psychiatry. 1959; 115(7):577-85. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.115.7.577. View

Goldman D . Parkinsonism and related phenomena from administration of drugs: their production and control under clinical conditions and possible relation to therapeutic effect. Rev Can Biol. 1961; 20:549-60. View

Braude W, Barnes T, Gore S . Clinical characteristics of akathisia. A systematic investigation of acute psychiatric inpatient admissions. Br J Psychiatry. 1983; 143:139-50. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.143.2.139. View

Munetz M, Cornes C . Akathisia, pseudoakathisia and tardive dyskinesia: clinical examples. Compr Psychiatry. 1982; 23(4):345-52. DOI: 10.1016/0010-440x(82)90084-0. View

CRANE G, Naranjo E . Motor disorders induced by neuroleptics: a proposed new classification. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1971; 24(2):179-84. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750080083014. View

10.

Weiner W, LUBY E . Persistent akathisia following neuroleptic withdrawal. Ann Neurol. 1983; 13(4):466-7. DOI: 10.1002/ana.410130420. View

11.

Marsden C, Jenner P . The pathophysiology of extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptic drugs. Psychol Med. 1980; 10(1):55-72. DOI: 10.1017/s003329170003960x. View

12.

Kidger T, Barnes T, Trauer T, Taylor P . Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia. Psychol Med. 1980; 10(3):513-20. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700047401. View

13.

Kennedy P, Hershon H, McGuire R . Extrapyramidal disorders after prolonged phenothiazine therapy. Br J Psychiatry. 1971; 118(546):509-18. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.118.546.509. View

14.

Van Putten T . Drug refusal in schizophrenia: causes and prescribing hints. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1978; 29(2):110-2. DOI: 10.1176/ps.29.2.110. View

15.

Ayd Jr F . A survey of drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. JAMA. 1961; 175:1054-60. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1961.03040120016004. View

16.

Burke R . Tardive dyskinesia: current clinical issues. Neurology. 1984; 34(10):1348-53. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.34.10.1348. View

17.

Denham J, CARICK D . Therapeutic value of thioproperazine and the importance of the associated neurological disturbances. J Ment Sci. 1961; 107:326-45. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.107.447.326. View

18.

Keckich W . Neuroleptics. Violence as a manifestation of akathisia. JAMA. 1978; 240(20):2185. DOI: 10.1001/jama.240.20.2185. View