Activation of Autophagy is Involved in the Protective Effect of 17β-oestradiol on Endotoxaemia-induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Ovariectomized Rats

Oestrogens have been reported to attenuate acute inflammation in sepsis. In this study, the effects of long-term oestrogen replacement with 17β-oestradiol (E ) on endotoxaemia-induced circulatory dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome were evaluated in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. E (50 μg/kg, s.c., 3 times/week) was administered for 8 weeks, followed by the induction of endotoxaemia by intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 30 mg/kg/4 hrs). Oestrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy for 9 weeks augmented the LPS-induced damage, including endotoxic shock, myocardial contractile dysfunction, renal dysfunction and rhabdomyolysis. Cardiac levels of NF-κB p65, iNOS and oxidized glutathione, free radical production in skeletal muscles, myoglobin deposition in renal tubules, and plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 were more pronounced in the Ovx + LPS group than in the Sham + LPS group. Long-term treatment of E prevented this amplified damage in Ovx rats. Six hours after LPS initiation, activation of the autophagic process, demonstrated by increases in Atg12 and LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratios, and induction of haem oxygenase (HO)-1 and heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 protein expression in myocardium were increased significantly in the Ovx + E  + LPS group. These results suggest that activation of autophagy and induction of HO-1 and HSP70 contribute to the protective effect of long-term E replacement on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in endotoxaemia.