Biomarkers in Renal Transplantation: An Updated Review

Overview

Journal World J Transplant

Publisher Baishideng Publishing Group

Specialty General Surgery

Date 2017 Jul 13

PMID 28698834

Citations 26

Authors

Maurizio Salvadori

Aris Tsalouchos

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Genomics, proteomics and molecular biology lead to tremendous advances in all fields of medical sciences. Among these the finding of biomarkers as non invasive indicators of biologic processes represents a useful tool in the field of transplantation. In addition to define the principal characteristics of the biomarkers, this review will examine the biomarker usefulness in the different clinical phases following renal transplantation. Biomarkers of ischemia-reperfusion injury and of delayed graft function are extremely important for an early diagnosis of these complications and for optimizing the treatment. Biomarkers predicting or diagnosing acute rejection either cell-mediated or antibody-mediated allow a risk stratification of the recipient, a prompt diagnosis in an early phase when the histology is still unremarkable. The kidney solid organ response test detects renal transplant recipients at high risk for acute rejection with a very high sensitivity and is also able to make diagnosis of subclinical acute rejection. Other biomarkers are able to detect chronic allograft dysfunction in an early phase and to differentiate the true chronic rejection from other forms of chronic allograft nephropathies no immune related. Finally biomarkers recently discovered identify patients tolerant or almost tolerant. This fact allows to safely reduce or withdrawn the immunosuppressive therapy.

Citing Articles

Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Kidney Allograft Dysfunction: Current and Future Applications in the Era of Precision Medicine.

Lazarou C, Moysidou E, Christodoulou M, Lioulios G, Sampani E, Dimitriadis C Medicina (Kaunas). 2025; 61(2).

PMID: 40005378 PMC: 11857372. DOI: 10.3390/medicina61020262.

Hyperspectral imaging in living and deceased donor kidney transplantation.

Wrigge R, Sucher R, Haak F, Meyer H, Unruh J, Hau H BMC Med Imaging. 2025; 25(1):34.

PMID: 39891083 PMC: 11786449. DOI: 10.1186/s12880-025-01576-6.

Investigation of sexual life and perceived spousal support in female recipients after kidney transplantation.

Sahin S, Bulbuloglu S Heliyon. 2025; 11(2):e41728.

PMID: 39882462 PMC: 11774775. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41728.

Unveiling the intricate interplay: Exploring biological bridges between renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and T cell-mediated immune rejection in kidney transplantation.

Xia X, Fan X, Jiang S, Liao Y, Sun Y PLoS One. 2024; 19(12):e0311661.

PMID: 39715172 PMC: 11666032. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311661.

Research biopsies in kidney transplantation: an evaluation of surgical techniques and optimal tissue mass allowing molecular and histological analyses.

Shaheed S, McGivern H, Oliveira M, Snashall C, Sutton C, Tam K Clin Proteomics. 2024; 21(1):55.

PMID: 39271970 PMC: 11401365. DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09508-2.

References

Viklicky O, Hribova P, Brabcova I . Molecular markers of rejection and tolerance: lessons from clinical research. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013; 28(11):2701-8. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft102. View

Meier-Kriesche H, Schold J, Srinivas T, Kaplan B . Lack of improvement in renal allograft survival despite a marked decrease in acute rejection rates over the most recent era. Am J Transplant. 2004; 4(3):378-83. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00332.x. View

. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001; 69(3):89-95. DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2001.113989. View

Lazzeri E, Rotondi M, Mazzinghi B, Lasagni L, Buonamano A, Rosati A . High CXCL10 expression in rejected kidneys and predictive role of pretransplant serum CXCL10 for acute rejection and chronic allograft nephropathy. Transplantation. 2005; 79(9):1215-20. DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000160759.85080.2e. View

Hockley S, Mathijs K, Staal Y, Brewer D, Giddings I, van Delft J . Interlaboratory and interplatform comparison of microarray gene expression analysis of HepG2 cells exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. OMICS. 2009; 13(2):115-25. DOI: 10.1089/omi.2008.0060. View

Muthukumar T, Dadhania D, Ding R, Snopkowski C, Naqvi R, Lee J . Messenger RNA for FOXP3 in the urine of renal-allograft recipients. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353(22):2342-51. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa051907. View

Roedder S, Gao X, Sarwal M . The pits and pearls in translating operational tolerance biomarkers into clinical practice. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2012; 17(6):655-62. DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0b013e32835a6f62. View

Hollmen M, Kyllonen L, Inkinen K, Lalla M, Merenmies J, Salmela K . Deceased donor neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and delayed graft function after kidney transplantation: a prospective study. Crit Care. 2011; 15(3):R121. PMC: 3218974. DOI: 10.1186/cc10220. View

Sarwal M, Ettenger R, Dharnidharka V, Benfield M, Mathias R, Portale A . Complete steroid avoidance is effective and safe in children with renal transplants: a multicenter randomized trial with three-year follow-up. Am J Transplant. 2012; 12(10):2719-29. PMC: 3681527. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04145.x. View

10.

Del Prete G, De Carli M, Almerigogna F, Daniel C, DElios M, Zancuoghi G . Preferential expression of CD30 by human CD4+ T cells producing Th2-type cytokines. FASEB J. 1995; 9(1):81-6. View

11.

Trionfini P, Benigni A, Remuzzi G . MicroRNAs in kidney physiology and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2014; 11(1):23-33. DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2014.202. View

12.

Danger R, Pallier A, Giral M, Martinez-Llordella M, Lozano J, Degauque N . Upregulation of miR-142-3p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of operationally tolerant patients with a renal transplant. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012; 23(4):597-606. PMC: 3312506. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2011060543. View

13.

Sengul S, Keven K, Gormez U, Kutlay S, Erturk S, Erbay B . Identification of patients at risk of acute rejection by pretransplantation and posttransplantation monitoring of soluble CD30 levels in kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2006; 81(8):1216-9. DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000203324.49969.30. View

14.

Sigdel T, Vitalone M, Tran T, Dai H, Hsieh S, Salvatierra O . A rapid noninvasive assay for the detection of renal transplant injury. Transplantation. 2013; 96(1):97-101. PMC: 4472435. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e318295ee5a. View

15.

Bellisola G, Tridente G, Nacchia F, Fior F, Boschiero L . Monitoring of cellular immunity by interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay in kidney allograft recipients: preliminary results of a longitudinal study. Transplant Proc. 2006; 38(4):1014-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.02.142. View

16.

Augustine J, Siu D, Clemente M, Schulak J, Heeger P, Hricik D . Pre-transplant IFN-gamma ELISPOTs are associated with post-transplant renal function in African American renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2005; 5(8):1971-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00958.x. View

17.

Grigoryev Y, Kurian S, Hart T, Nakorchevsky A, Chen C, Campbell D . MicroRNA regulation of molecular networks mapped by global microRNA, mRNA, and protein expression in activated T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2011; 187(5):2233-43. PMC: 3159804. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101233. View

18.

Lacquaniti A, Caccamo C, Salis P, Chirico V, Buemi A, Cernaro V . Delayed graft function and chronic allograft nephropathy: diagnostic and prognostic role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Biomarkers. 2016; 21(4):371-8. DOI: 10.3109/1354750X.2016.1141991. View

19.

Ojo A, Wolfe R, Held P, Port F, Schmouder R . Delayed graft function: risk factors and implications for renal allograft survival. Transplantation. 1997; 63(7):968-74. DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199704150-00011. View

20.

Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Naujokat C, Mehrabi A, Opelz G . Association of high pretransplant sIL-6R plasma levels with acute tubular necrosis in kidney graft recipients. Transplantation. 2006; 81(12):1716-24. DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000226076.04938.98. View