Easy and Non-invasive Disease Detection in Pigs by Adenosine Deaminase Activity Determinations in Saliva

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2017 Jun 9

PMID 28594948

Citations 12

Authors

Ana Maria Gutierrez

Ernesto De la Cruz-Sanchez

Ana Montes

Juan Sotillo

Candido Gutierrez-Panizo

Pablo Fuentes

Pedro Luis Tornel

Juan Cabezas-Herrera

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The quantification of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in porcine saliva samples has been analyzed for its use as a marker of disease. First, an analytical validation of the enzymatic assay used for ADA measurements was performed. Afterwards, saliva samples were collected from 50 healthy animals and 64 animals with different symptoms of disease, which were divided into local inflammation, gastrointestinal disorder, respiratory disorder and growth retardation. To optimize ADA measurements, total ADA (tADA), specific ADA (sADA) and ADA isoforms 1 and 2 activities were calculated. Moreover, to preliminarily estimate the diagnostic value of tADA activity measurements for disease detection, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses was performed and compared to the results obtained for salivary acute phase proteins, haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The salivary levels of tADA activity were significantly elevated in animals with local inflammation, gastrointestinal disorder and respiratory disorder. The calculation of the different ADA activities did not provide additional information to tADA activity quantification for disease detection. The diagnostic value of tADA activity was superior to those observed for Hp and CRP measurements in the present study. It might be concluded that ADA analysis in saliva could be used as a simple, rapid, economic and non-invasive diagnostic tool in porcine production in field conditions.

Citing Articles

Pig Acute Phase Proteins as Non-Antibody Systemic Biomarkers of Intracellular Infections.

Heegaard P, Starbaek S, Lelli D, Skovgaard K Methods Mol Biol. 2024; 2813:145-165.

PMID: 38888777 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_11.

Non-invasive methods for analysing pig welfare biomarkers.

Svoboda M, Nemeckova M, Medkova D, Sardi L, Hodkovicova N Vet Med (Praha). 2024; 69(5):137-155.

PMID: 38841131 PMC: 11148715. DOI: 10.17221/17/2024-VETMED.

Salivary and serum haptoglobin, adenosine deaminase, and immunoglobulin G in growing pigs.

Piirainen V, Gutierrez A, Heinonen M, Konig E, Valros A, Junnikkala S Porcine Health Manag. 2024; 10(1):21.

PMID: 38773547 PMC: 11110307. DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00368-8.

Advances in Research on Pig Salivary Analytes: A Window to Reveal Pig Health and Physiological Status.

Zheng L, Shi L, Wu X, Hu P, Zhang B, Han X Animals (Basel). 2024; 14(3).

PMID: 38338017 PMC: 10854898. DOI: 10.3390/ani14030374.

Influence of the circadian cycle, sex and production stage on the reference values of parameters related to stress and pathology in porcine saliva.

Saco Y, Pena R, Matas-Quintanilla M, Ibanez-Lopez F, Pineiro M, Sotillo J Porcine Health Manag. 2023; 9(1):42.

PMID: 37773175 PMC: 10541711. DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00337-7.

References

Baldissera M, Souza C, Grando T, da Silva A, Monteiro S . Involvement of oxidative stress, cholinergic and adenosinergic systems on renal damage caused by Trypanosoma evansi infection: Relationship with lipid peroxidation. Microb Pathog. 2016; 99:191-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.028. View

Gakis C . Adenosine deaminase (ADA) isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2: diagnostic and biological role. Eur Respir J. 1996; 9(4):632-3. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.96.09040632. View

Chielle E, Bonfanti G, De Bona K, Moresco R, Moretto M . Adenosine deaminase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activities and lipid peroxidation are increased in the saliva of obese young adult. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2014; 53(7):1041-7. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-1086. View

Rai A, Thakur C, Velpandian T, Sharma S, Ghosh B, Mitra D . High concentration of adenosine in human visceral leishmaniasis despite increased ADA and decreased CD73. Parasite Immunol. 2011; 33(11):632-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01315.x. View

Gutierrez A, Nobauer K, Soler L, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Gemeiner M, Ceron J . Detection of potential markers for systemic disease in saliva of pigs by proteomics: a pilot study. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2012; 151(1-2):73-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.10.007. View

Ungerer J, Oosthuizen H, Bissbort S, Vermaak W . Serum adenosine deaminase: isoenzymes and diagnostic application. Clin Chem. 1992; 38(7):1322-6. View

Luo F, Le N, Mills T, Chen N, Karmouty-Quintana H, Molina J . Extracellular adenosine levels are associated with the progression and exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J. 2015; 30(2):874-83. PMC: 4714555. DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274845. View

Khodadadi I, Abdi M, Ahmadi A, Wahedi M, Menbari S, Lahoorpour F . Analysis of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) and ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzyme activities in HIV positive and HIV-HBV co-infected patients. Clin Biochem. 2011; 44(12):980-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.05.020. View

Vinapamula K, Pemmaraju S, Bhattaram S, Bitla A, M Manohar S . Serum Adenosine Deaminase as Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015; 9(9):BC08-10. PMC: 4606226. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14296.6483. View

10.

Antonioli L, Colucci R, La Motta C, Tuccori M, Awwad O, Da Settimo F . Adenosine deaminase in the modulation of immune system and its potential as a novel target for treatment of inflammatory disorders. Curr Drug Targets. 2012; 13(6):842-62. DOI: 10.2174/138945012800564095. View

11.

Beyazit Y, Koklu S, Tas A, Purnak T, Sayilir A, Kurt M . Serum adenosine deaminase activity as a predictor of disease severity in ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2012; 6(1):102-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.07.010. View

12.

Cakal B, Beyazit Y, Koklu S, Akbal E, Biyikoglu I, Yilmaz G . Elevated adenosine deaminase levels in celiac disease. J Clin Lab Anal. 2010; 24(5):323-6. PMC: 6647638. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20410. View

13.

Gutierrez A, Escribano D, Fuentes M, Ceron J . Circadian pattern of acute phase proteins in the saliva of growing pigs. Vet J. 2012; 196(2):167-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.10.003. View

14.

Hashikawa T, Hooker S, Maj J, Knott-Craig C, Takedachi M, Murakami S . Regulation of adenosine receptor engagement by ecto-adenosine deaminase. FASEB J. 2003; 18(1):131-3. DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0011fje. View

15.

Jadhav A, Jain A . Sputum adenosine deaminase and alkaline phosphatase activity in pulmonary tuberculosis. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2012; 118(1):6-9. DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2011.645545. View

16.

Demir G, Borman P, Ayhan F, Ozgun T, Kaygisiz F, Yilmez G . Serum Adenosine Deaminase Level is High But Not Related with Disease Activity Parameters in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Open Rheumatol J. 2014; 8:24-8. PMC: 4166793. DOI: 10.2174/1874312901408010024. View

17.

Saghiri R, Ghashghai N, Movaseghi S, Poursharifi P, Jalilfar S, Bidhendi M . Serum adenosine deaminase activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a study based on ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzymes pattern. Rheumatol Int. 2011; 32(6):1633-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-1836-8. View

18.

Rai B, Kaur J, Jacobs R, Anand S . Adenosine deaminase in saliva as a diagnostic marker of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Clin Oral Investig. 2010; 15(3):347-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0404-z. View

19.

Bradford M . A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976; 72:248-54. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. View

20.

Groschl M, Wagner R, Rauh M, Dorr H . Stability of salivary steroids: the influences of storage, food and dental care. Steroids. 2001; 66(10):737-41. DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(01)00111-8. View