An Overview of the Molecular and Epidemiological Features of HIV-1 Infection in Two Major Cities of Bahia State, Brazil

Overview

Journal Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz

Specialties Parasitology
Tropical Medicine

Date 2017 Jun 8

PMID 28591401

Citations 3

Authors

Amanda Gm Amaral

Isabele B Oliveira

Diego C Carneiro

Luiz Cj Alcantara

Joana P Monteiro-Cunha

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The high mutation rate of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has created a public health challenge because the use of antiretroviral drugs can generate selective pressure that drives resistance in these viruses.

Objective: The aim of this work was to characterise the molecular and epidemiological profile of HIV in Bahia, Brazil.

Methods: DNA sequences from regions of HIV gag, pol, and env genes were obtained from previous studies performed in this area between 2002 and 2012. Their genotype and drug-resistance mutations were identified using bioinformatics tools. Clinical and epidemiological data were analysed.

Findings: Among 263 individuals (46.4% male), 97.5% were asymptomatic and 49.1% were receiving treatment. Most of the individuals were 31 to 40 years old (36.9%) and infected through heterosexual contact (40.7%). The predominant genotype was B (68.1%) followed by BF recombinants (18.6%). Among the individuals infected with either F or BF genotypes, 68.4% were women and 76.8% were infected through heterosexual transmission. The prevalence of associated mutations conferring antiretroviral resistance was 14.2%, with 3.8% of all mutations conferring resistance to protease inhibitors, 9.43% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and 8.5% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Drug resistance was higher in individuals receiving treatment (26.1%) than in the drug-naïve (4.3%) individuals.

Main Conclusions: This study will contribute to the understanding and monitoring of HIV epidemic in this Brazilian region.

Citing Articles

Genomic Detection of the Emerging, Highly Pathogenic HIV-1 Subtype D in Bahia, Northeast Brazil.

de Almeida Rego F, de Moraes L, Giovanetti M, Silva J, Torres F, Silva M Viruses. 2023; 15(8).

PMID: 37631993 PMC: 10458544. DOI: 10.3390/v15081650.

Characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil.

Leal E, Arrais C, Barreiros M, Rodrigues J, Silva Sousa N, Duarte Costa D PLoS One. 2020; 15(3):e0230878.

PMID: 32218587 PMC: 7100926. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230878.

Epidemiological and clinical profile of HIV-infected patients from Southwestern Goias State, Brazil.

Dias R, Bento L, Tavares C, Ranes Filho H, Silva M, Moraes L Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2018; 60:e34.

PMID: 30043938 PMC: 6056885. DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946201860034.

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