Detection and Preliminary Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Transcripts in Latently Infected Human Trigeminal Ganglia

Overview

Journal J Virol

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Date 1988 Dec 1

PMID 2846893

Citations 52

Authors

P R Krause

K D Croen

S E Straus

J M Ostrove

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

RNA extracted from human trigeminal ganglia was examined for the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) transcripts by Northern hybridization (RNA blot) analysis. By using cloned DNA and single-stranded RNA probes, two abundant colinear HSV-1 transcripts (1.85 and 1.35 kilobases) were detected in ganglia from 9 of 17 individuals. These RNAs overlap the 3' end of the transcript for immediate-early gene ICP0 but are transcribed from the opposite strand; thus, they are antisense relative to the ICP0 mRNA. We also report evidence by in situ hybridization that these latently infected ganglia contain HSV-1 RNA homologous to the BamHI SP region of the genome which is transcribed in the same direction as the other latency transcripts. In Vero cells productively infected with laboratory strain HSV-1 KOS and in cultures infected with different low-passage clinical isolates, only the 1.85-kilobase transcript was detected, and there was variation in the size of this larger latency transcript. These novel transcripts may play a role in maintaining HSV-1 latency in human ganglia.

Citing Articles

An Immortalized Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell Line Provides a Novel Context To Study Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Latency and Reactivation.

Thellman N, Botting C, Madaj Z, Triezenberg S J Virol. 2017; 91(12).

PMID: 28404842 PMC: 5446634. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00080-17.

Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BHV-1) and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Promote Survival of Latently Infected Sensory Neurons, in Part by Inhibiting Apoptosis.

Jones C J Cell Death. 2014; 6:1-16.

PMID: 25278776 PMC: 4147773. DOI: 10.4137/JCD.S10803.

Lytic gene expression is frequent in HSV-1 latent infection and correlates with the engagement of a cell-intrinsic transcriptional response.

Ma J, Russell T, Spelman T, Carbone F, Tscharke D PLoS Pathog. 2014; 10(7):e1004237.

PMID: 25058429 PMC: 4110040. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004237.

Local CD4 and CD8 T-cell reactivity to HSV-1 antigens documents broad viral protein expression and immune competence in latently infected human trigeminal ganglia.

van Velzen M, Jing L, Osterhaus A, Sette A, Koelle D, Verjans G PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9(8):e1003547.

PMID: 23966859 PMC: 3744444. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003547.

Small non-coding RNAs encoded within the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency associated transcript (LAT) cooperate with the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) to induce beta-interferon promoter activity and promote cell survival.

Frizzo da Silva L, Jones C Virus Res. 2013; 175(2):101-9.

PMID: 23648811 PMC: 4074922. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.04.005.

References

Bastian F, Rabson A, Yee C, Tralka T . Herpesvirus hominis: isolation from human trigeminal ganglion. Science. 1972; 178(4058):306-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.178.4058.306. View

Gordon Y, Johnson B, Romanowski E . RNA complementary to herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0 gene demonstrated in neurons of human trigeminal ganglia. J Virol. 1988; 62(5):1832-5. PMC: 253243. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.62.5.1832-1835.1988. View

Galloway D, Fenoglio C, McDougall J . Limited transcription of the herpes simplex virus genome when latent in human sensory ganglia. J Virol. 1982; 41(2):686-91. PMC: 256797. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.41.2.686-691.1982. View

Tenser R, Dawson M, Ressel S, Dunstan M . Detection of herpes simplex virus mRNA in latently infected trigeminal ganglion neurons by in situ hybridization. Ann Neurol. 1982; 11(3):285-91. DOI: 10.1002/ana.410110309. View

Stroop W, Rock D, Fraser N . Localization of herpes simplex virus in the trigeminal and olfactory systems of the mouse central nervous system during acute and latent infections by in situ hybridization. Lab Invest. 1984; 51(1):27-38. View

Melton D, Krieg P, Rebagliati M, Maniatis T, Zinn K, Green M . Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984; 12(18):7035-56. PMC: 320141. DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.18.7035. View

Ostrove J, REINHOLD W, Fan C, Zorn S, Hay J, Straus S . Transcription mapping of the varicella-zoster virus genome. J Virol. 1985; 56(2):600-6. PMC: 252617. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.56.2.600-606.1985. View

Efstathiou S, Minson A, FIELD H, ANDERSON J, Wildy P . Detection of herpes simplex virus-specific DNA sequences in latently infected mice and in humans. J Virol. 1986; 57(2):446-55. PMC: 252756. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.57.2.446-455.1986. View

Corey L, Spear P . Infections with herpes simplex viruses (2). N Engl J Med. 1986; 314(12):749-57. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198603203141205. View

10.

Green P, Pines O, Inouye M . The role of antisense RNA in gene regulation. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986; 55:569-97. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.003033. View

11.

Perry L, Rixon F, Everett R, Frame M, McGeoch D . Characterization of the IE110 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol. 1986; 67 ( Pt 11):2365-80. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-67-11-2365. View

12.

Stevens J, Wagner E, Devi-Rao G, Cook M, Feldman L . RNA complementary to a herpesvirus alpha gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons. Science. 1987; 235(4792):1056-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.2434993. View

13.

Puga A, Notkins A . Continued expression of a poly(A)+ transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. J Virol. 1987; 61(5):1700-3. PMC: 254159. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.61.5.1700-1703.1987. View

14.

Deatly A, Spivack J, Lavi E, Fraser N . RNA from an immediate early region of the type 1 herpes simplex virus genome is present in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987; 84(10):3204-8. PMC: 304837. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3204. View

15.

Rock D, Nesburn A, Ghiasi H, Ong J, Lewis T, Lokensgard J . Detection of latency-related viral RNAs in trigeminal ganglia of rabbits latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol. 1987; 61(12):3820-6. PMC: 255998. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.61.12.3820-3826.1987. View

16.

Spivack J, Fraser N . Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 transcripts during latent infection in mice. J Virol. 1987; 61(12):3841-7. PMC: 256001. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.61.12.3841-3847.1987. View

17.

Croen K, Ostrove J, Dragovic L, Smialek J, Straus S . Latent herpes simplex virus in human trigeminal ganglia. Detection of an immediate early gene "anti-sense" transcript by in situ hybridization. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317(23):1427-32. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198712033172302. View

18.

Wagner E, Feldman L, Dobson A, Zhang Y, Flanagan W, Stevens J . Physical characterization of the herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript in neurons. J Virol. 1988; 62(4):1194-202. PMC: 253127. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.62.4.1194-1202.1988. View

19.

Brown S, Warren K, WROBLEWSKA Z, KOPROWSKI H . Detection by complementation of defective or uninducible (herpes simplex type 1) virus genomes latent in human ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979; 76(5):2364-8. PMC: 383601. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.5.2364. View