Serological Evidence of Human Cystic Echinococcosis and Associated Risk Factors Among General Population in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

Overview

Journal Ann Med Surg (Lond)

Publisher Wolters Kluwer

Specialty Medical Education

Date 2017 May 2

PMID 28458883

Citations 7

Authors

Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi

Mahdi Fakhar

Bahman Rahimi Esboei

Masoud Soosaraei

Abozar Ghorbani

Naeim Nabyan

Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of CE among human referring to Health Centers in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran and to identify the risk factors involved in spreading the disease. Between 2013 and 2014, the serum samples were taken randomly from 600 subjects referring to health centers in Mazandaran Province. After obtaining informed consent for each participant, a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and associated risk factors was filled for each individual. Anti-CE antibody was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using native antigen B. Our results showed 31.6% (n = 190) seropositivity. There were significant difference between seropositivity and sex and residence. Males were significantly more seropositive than females (24.6% versus 7%, P = 0.0001). Regression analysis showed that the subjects who are living in rural areas were 4.4 times more likely to be at risk to CE than urban areas (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 2.91, 6.64). Contact with dogs, soil and consumed raw vegetables was appeared as main risk factors for CE among community in Mazandaran and it may increase the probability of infection. The high prevalence of CE among individuals indicated that hydatidosis is still a major health problem among community in the investigated areas.

Citing Articles

Epidemiological characteristics of human cystic echinococcosis in Khuzestan province (Iran), 2011-2021: a retrospective analytical study.

Haddad M, Sepahvand Z, Fadaei T, Belali R J Parasit Dis. 2023; 47(4):718-726.

PMID: 38009155 PMC: 10667199. DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01619-1.

Status of human cystic echinococcosis based on hospital records in Mazandaran Province: A first registry-based evidence.

Tabaripour R, Sharifpour A, Fakhar M, Asadi S, Esmaeili Reykandeh S, Montazeri M Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2023; 22:e00314.

PMID: 37457119 PMC: 10344820. DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00314.

Seroprevalence of Human Hydatidosis in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran.

Heidari Z, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Alizadeh Z, Molaei S, Dogaheh H, Mirzanejad-Asl H Iran J Parasitol. 2022; 16(4):593-600.

PMID: 35082888 PMC: 8710200. DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i4.7872.

Designing a Recombinant Multi-Epitope Antigen of to Diagnose Human Cystic Echinococcosis.

Mirzapour A, Seyyed Tabaei S, Bandehpour M, Haghighi A, Kazemi B Iran J Parasitol. 2020; 15(1):1-10.

PMID: 32489370 PMC: 7244849.

Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mahmoudi S, Mamishi S, Banar M, Pourakbari B, Keshavarz H BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19(1):929.

PMID: 31684882 PMC: 6830007. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4458-5.

References

Bai Y, Cheng N, Jiang C, Wang Q, Cao D . Survey on cystic echinococcosis in Tibetans, West China. Acta Trop. 2002; 82(3):381-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00038-4. View

Heidari Z, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, Aryayipour M, Eshraghian M, Kia E . Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis in meshkinshahr district, ardabil province, iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2012; 6(3):19-25. PMC: 3279891. View

Zhang W, Li J, McManus D . Concepts in immunology and diagnosis of hydatid disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003; 16(1):18-36. PMC: 145297. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.16.1.18-36.2003. View

Sarkari B, Sadjjadi S, Beheshtian M, Aghaee M, Sedaghat F . Human cystic echinococcosis in Yasuj District in Southwest of Iran: an epidemiological study of seroprevalence and surgical cases over a ten-year period. Zoonoses Public Health. 2009; 57(2):146-50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01200.x. View

Rokni M . The present status of human helminthic diseases in Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2008; 102(4):283-95. DOI: 10.1179/136485908X300805. View

Rafiei A, Hemadi A, Maraghi S, Kaikhaei B, Craig P . Human cystic echinococcosis in nomads of south-west Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2007; 13(1):41-8. View

Dalimi A, Motamedi G, Hosseini M, Mohammadian B, Malaki H, Ghamari Z . Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in western Iran. Vet Parasitol. 2002; 105(2):161-71. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00005-5. View

Fakhar M, Sadjjadi S . Prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered herbivores in Qom province, central part of iran. Vet Res Commun. 2007; 31(8):993-7. DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0017-4. View

Akalin S, Sayin Kutlu S, Caylak S, Onal O, Kaya S, Bozkurt A . Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis and risk factors in animal breeders in rural communities in Denizli, Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014; 8(9):1188-94. DOI: 10.3855/jidc.4343. View

10.

Shambesh M, Craig P, Macpherson C, Rogan M, Gusbi A, Echtuish E . An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999; 60(3):462-8. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.462. View

11.

Budke C, Deplazes P, Torgerson P . Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006; 12(2):296-303. PMC: 3373106. DOI: 10.3201/eid1202.050499. View

12.

Zibaei M, Azargoon A, Ataie-Khorasgani M, Ghanadi K, Sadjjadi S . The serological study of cystic echinococcosis and assessment of surgical cases during 5 years (2007-2011) in Khorram Abad, Iran. Niger J Clin Pract. 2013; 16(2):221-5. DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.110156. View

13.

Dohoo I, McDonell W, Rhodes C, Elazhary Y . Veterinary research and human health. Can Vet J. 1998; 39(9):548-56. PMC: 1539426. View

14.

Harandi M, Budke C, Rostami S . The monetary burden of cystic echinococcosis in Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6(11):e1915. PMC: 3510083. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001915. View

15.

Harandi M, Moazezi S, Saba M, Grimm F, Kamyabi H, Sheikhzadeh F . Sonographical and serological survey of human cystic echinococcosis and analysis of risk factors associated with seroconversion in rural communities of Kerman, Iran. Zoonoses Public Health. 2011; 58(8):582-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01407.x. View

16.

Campos-Bueno A, Lopez-Abente G . Risk factors for Echinococcus granulosus infection: a case-control study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000; 62(3):329-34. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.329. View

17.

Eslami A, Hosseini S . Echinococcus granulosus infection of farm dogs of Iran. Parasitol Res. 1998; 84(3):205-7. DOI: 10.1007/s004360050383. View

18.

Fotiou V, Malissiova E, Minas A, Petinaki E, Hadjichristodoulou C . Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus in the population of the region of Thessaly, Central Greece. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e37112. PMC: 3355142. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037112. View

19.

Torgerson P, Deplazes P . Echinococcosis: diagnosis and diagnostic interpretation in population studies. Trends Parasitol. 2009; 25(4):164-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.12.008. View

20.

Rakhshanpour A, Fasihi Harandi M, Moazezi S, Rahimi M, Mohebali M, Mowlavi G . Seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using ELISA method in qom province, central iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2012; 7(3):10-5. PMC: 3469166. View