Paper Strip-embedded Graphene Quantum Dots: a Screening Device with a Smartphone Readout

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2017 Apr 22

PMID 28428623

Citations 13

Authors

Ruslan Alvarez-Diduk

Jahir Orozco

Arben Merkoci

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Simple, inexpensive and rapid sensing systems are very demanded for a myriad of uses. Intrinsic properties of emerging paper-based analytical devices have demonstrated considerable potential to fulfill such demand. This work reports an easy-to-use, low cost, and disposable paper-based sensing device for rapid chemical screening with a smartphone readout. The device comprises luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) sensing probes embedded into a nitrocellulose matrix where the resonance energy transfer phenomenon seems to be the sensing mechanism. The GQDs probes were synthesized from citric acid by a pyrolysis procedure, further physisorbed and confined into small wax-traced spots on the nitrocellulose substrate. The GQDs were excited by an UV LED, this, is powered by a smartphone used as both; energy source and imaging capture. The LED was contained within a 3D-printed dark chamber that isolates the paper platform from external light fluctuations leading to highly reproducible data. The cellulose-based device was proven as a promising screening tool for phenols and polyphenols in environmental and food samples, respectively. It opens up new opportunities for simple and fast screening of organic compounds and offers numerous possibilities for versatile applications. It can be especially useful in remote settings where sophisticated instrumentation is not always available.

Citing Articles

Green Synthesis of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Determination of L-DOPA Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and a Smartphone-Based Fluorimeter.

Hemmati A, Emadi H, Nabavi S ACS Omega. 2023; 8(23):20987-20999.

PMID: 37332813 PMC: 10269249. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01795.

Microfluidic Paper-based Device for Medicinal Diagnosis.

Lomae A, Preechakasedkit P, Teekayupak K, Panraksa Y, Yukird J, Chailapakul O Curr Top Med Chem. 2022; 22(27):2282-2313.

PMID: 36330618 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221103103211.

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots as fluorescence ON-OFF-ON sensor for parallel detection of copper(ii) and mercury(ii) ions in solutions as well as in filter paper-based microfluidic device.

Patir K, Gogoi S Nanoscale Adv. 2022; 1(2):592-601.

PMID: 36132272 PMC: 9473229. DOI: 10.1039/c8na00080h.

Development of a turn-on graphene quantum dot-based fluorescent probe for sensing of pyrene in water.

S A N, P B C F RSC Adv. 2022; 10(21):12119-12128.

PMID: 35497633 PMC: 9050712. DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10153e.

A Three-Reagent "Green" Paper-Based Analytical Device for Solid-Phase Spectrometric and Colorimetric Determination of Dihydroquercetin.

Apyari V, Furletov A, Kalinin V, Dmitrienko S, Zolotov Y Sensors (Basel). 2022; 22(8).

PMID: 35458878 PMC: 9030608. DOI: 10.3390/s22082893.

References

Coltro W, Jesus D, da Silva J, do Lago C, Carrilho E . Toner and paper-based fabrication techniques for microfluidic applications. Electrophoresis. 2010; 31(15):2487-98. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000063. View

Morales-Narvaez E, Golmohammadi H, Naghdi T, Yousefi H, Kostiv U, Horak D . Nanopaper as an Optical Sensing Platform. ACS Nano. 2015; 9(7):7296-305. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03097. View

Bracher P, Gupta M, Whitesides G . Shaped Films of Ionotropic Hydrogels Fabricated Using Templates of Patterned Paper. Adv Mater. 2012; 21(4):445-450. PMC: 3521578. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200801186. View

Carrilho E, Martinez A, Whitesides G . Understanding wax printing: a simple micropatterning process for paper-based microfluidics. Anal Chem. 2010; 81(16):7091-5. DOI: 10.1021/ac901071p. View

Cheng C, Huang Y, Tian X, Zheng B, Li Y, Yuan H . Electrogenerated chemiluminescence behavior of graphite-like carbon nitride and its application in selective sensing Cu2+. Anal Chem. 2012; 84(11):4754-9. DOI: 10.1021/ac300205w. View

Tseng S, Yu C, Wan D, Chen H, Wang L, Wu M . Eco-friendly plasmonic sensors: using the photothermal effect to prepare metal nanoparticle-containing test papers for highly sensitive colorimetric detection. Anal Chem. 2012; 84(11):5140-5. DOI: 10.1021/ac300397h. View

He J, Zhang H, Zou J, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Xiao Y . Carbon dots-based fluorescent probe for "off-on" sensing of Hg(II) and I⁻. Biosens Bioelectron. 2016; 79:531-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.084. View

Lou S, Ye J, Li K, Wu A . A gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay: the influence of nanoparticulate size. Analyst. 2011; 137(5):1174-81. DOI: 10.1039/c2an15844b. View

Galano A, Mazzone G, Alvarez-Diduk R, Marino T, Alvarez-Idaboy J, Russo N . Food Antioxidants: Chemical Insights at the Molecular Level. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2016; 7:335-52. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033206. View

10.

Martinez A . Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices: from POCKET to paper-based ELISA. Bioanalysis. 2011; 3(23):2589-92. DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.258. View

11.

Ponomarenko L, Schedin F, Katsnelson M, Yang R, Hill E, Novoselov K . Chaotic Dirac billiard in graphene quantum dots. Science. 2008; 320(5874):356-8. DOI: 10.1126/science.1154663. View

12.

Olkkonen J, Lehtinen K, Erho T . Flexographically printed fluidic structures in paper. Anal Chem. 2010; 82(24):10246-50. DOI: 10.1021/ac1027066. View

13.

Nicolini A, Fronczek C, Yoon J . Droplet-based immunoassay on a 'sticky' nanofibrous surface for multiplexed and dual detection of bacteria using smartphones. Biosens Bioelectron. 2014; 67:560-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.040. View

14.

Lopez-Marzo A, Merkoci A . Paper-based sensors and assays: a success of the engineering design and the convergence of knowledge areas. Lab Chip. 2016; 16(17):3150-76. DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00737f. View

15.

Stedtfeld R, Tourlousse D, Seyrig G, Stedtfeld T, Kronlein M, Price S . Gene-Z: a device for point of care genetic testing using a smartphone. Lab Chip. 2012; 12(8):1454-62. DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21226a. View

16.

Qi Y, Zhang M, Fu Q, Liu R, Shi G . Highly sensitive and selective fluorescent detection of cerebral lead(II) based on graphene quantum dot conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb). 2013; 49(90):10599-601. DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46059b. View

17.

Aragay G, Pons J, Merkoci A . Recent trends in macro-, micro-, and nanomaterial-based tools and strategies for heavy-metal detection. Chem Rev. 2011; 111(5):3433-58. DOI: 10.1021/cr100383r. View

18.

Chen C, Wu J . A fast and sensitive quantitative lateral flow immunoassay for Cry1Ab based on a novel signal amplification conjugate. Sensors (Basel). 2012; 12(9):11684-96. PMC: 3478804. DOI: 10.3390/s120911684. View

19.

Ah Lee S, Yang C . A smartphone-based chip-scale microscope using ambient illumination. Lab Chip. 2014; 14(16):3056-63. PMC: 4124038. DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00523f. View

20.

Parolo C, Merkoci A . Paper-based nanobiosensors for diagnostics. Chem Soc Rev. 2012; 42(2):450-7. DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35255a. View