Biomarkers in the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis

Overview

Journal Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

Specialty Otorhinolaryngology

Date 2017 Apr 3

PMID 28365802

Citations 17

Authors

Yao Yao

Shumin Xie

Chunguang Yang

Jianhui Zhang

Xuewen Wu

Hong Sun

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a group of multifactorial and heterogeneous disorders with a significant economic strain on society, likely made up of different endotypes, each with a unique pathomechanism. In addition to the traditional clinical measures, there is a recognized need for reliable biomarkers to provide predictive information regarding diagnosis, endotypes, treatment responses, and future risk of recurrence. Fueled by the advances in basic research, various biomarkers have been explored in recent years. Biomarkers of CRSwNP can originate from a variety of sources, including nasal secretions, nasal biopsies, exhaled breath, and peripheral blood. In this review, we aim to summarize the existing and emerging biomarkers available for the evaluation and management of CRSwNP. Currently, eosinophil count in nasal mucosa has proved particularly valuable for endotyping, assessing disease severity, and predicting steroid responsiveness and surgical outcomes. Blood eosinophilia may be used as a surrogate for tissue eosinophilic inflammation, whereas its utility remains limited. Type 2 cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and IgE have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 is linked to healing quality after sinus surgery. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) appears to fill the niche as a noninvasive measure for sinus ostial patency. In addition, recent data have shown some promising biomarkers involved in corticosteroid resistance and olfactory dysfunction. However, rigorous validation using large cohort studies is necessary before these biomarkers can be mainstreamed into clinical practice.

Citing Articles

Expression Profiles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Nasal Polyps.

Duan C, Yu X, Feng X, Shi L, Wang D J Inflamm Res. 2024; 17:29-39.

PMID: 38193041 PMC: 10771793. DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S438581.

The Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Seah J, Thong M, Wang D Diagnostics (Basel). 2023; 13(4).

PMID: 36832203 PMC: 9955000. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040715.

Vitamin D and Interleukins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyposis.

Shrestha P, Deepak R, Bhalla A, Gupta Y, Sikka K, Irugu D Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023; 74(Suppl 3):4756-4760.

PMID: 36742814 PMC: 9895733. DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03085-2.

Sinonasal Biomarkers Defining Type 2-High and Type 2-Low Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

De Corso E, Baroni S, Settimi S, Onori M, Mastrapasqua R, Troiani E J Pers Med. 2022; 12(8).

PMID: 36013200 PMC: 9410079. DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081251.

Expression of Apoptosis-Related Biomarkers in Inflamed Nasal Sinus Epithelium of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP)-Evaluation at mRNA and miRNA Levels.

Morawska-Kochman M, Smieszek A, Marcinkowska K, Marycz K, Nelke K, Zub K Biomedicines. 2022; 10(6).

PMID: 35740420 PMC: 9220377. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061400.

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