Association of Self-reported Symptoms with Serum Levels of Vitamin D and Multivariate Cytokine Profile in Healthy Women

Background: Although a large number of studies have investigated possible relationships among serum levels of vitamin D or cytokines with disease progress and prognosis, similar studies on self-reported symptoms are still controversial. The overall objective of this study was to look into the association between serum levels of vitamin D or cytokines with self-reported symptoms related to musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in healthy adult women.

Subjects And Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from 117 healthy adult women, and serum levels of vitamin D, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) were measured. Groups were tested for differences in single parameters, pro-:anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios, and differences in multivariate patterns.

Results: There were no significant associations between serum levels of vitamin D and any of the self-reported symptoms studied. However, serum levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in subjects with musculoskeletal pain (IL-8, =0.008), sleep disorders (IFN-γ, =0.02), and PMS (IL-8 and TNF-α, =0.009 and 0.002, respectively) compared to subjects who reported no symptoms. The pro-:anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios showed pro-inflammatory cytokine dominance in subjects with self-reported symptoms, particularly in the groups with deficient levels of vitamin D. However, the multivariate cytokine-pattern analysis was significantly different between PMS groups only.

Conclusion: These data point to a possible role of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a contributing factor in self-reported symptoms related to musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, and PMS.