The Role of Interleukin Genes in the Course of Depression

Overview

Journal Open Med (Wars)

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2017 Mar 30

PMID 28352765

Citations 9

Authors

Monika Talarowska

Janusz Szemraj

Piotr Galecki

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Research studies conducted in recent years have confirmed that in the absence of medical illnesses, depressive disorders are associated with upregulation of many inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-aplha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 and 6 (IL-1,IL-6). The main objective of the study was to examine whether recurrent depressive disorders (rDD) are accompanied by more profound inflammatory disturbances than the first episode of depression (ED-I). The analysis included the expression of mRNA and protein levels of three interleukins namely. IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10.

Methods: The study was carried out in a cohort of 130 patients: ED-I group - 44 patients, rDD group - 86 patients respectively.

Results: Our results suggest that there was no significant statistical difference between the analyzed groups as regards the intensity of the depressive disorders. Furthermore, No differences in the expression of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 genes on the level of both mRNA and protein were observed among the groups. Additionally, there was no significant interrelation been documented between the number of depression episodes experienced v/s the expression of selected genes.

Conclusions: There is no significant difference in IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 expression between patients with recurrent depressive disorders and those suffering from the first episode of depression. 2. There seems to be no difference in acute first episode depression vs. acute episode of depression in patients with a recurrent disorder. Further larger trials are needed.

Citing Articles

Effect of duloxetine on changes in serum proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with major depressive disorder.

Gao W, Gao Y, Xu Y, Liang J, Sun Y, Zhang Y BMC Psychiatry. 2024; 24(1):449.

PMID: 38877455 PMC: 11179362. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05910-0.

Is the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway Involved in the Pathogenesis of Depression?.

Galecka M, Szemraj J, Su K, Halaris A, Maes M, Skiba A J Clin Med. 2022; 11(7).

PMID: 35407663 PMC: 8999744. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072056.

Peripheral Markers of Depression.

Nobis A, Zalewski D, Waszkiewicz N J Clin Med. 2020; 9(12).

PMID: 33255237 PMC: 7760788. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123793.

Altered serum interleukin-7 and interleukin-10 are associated with drug-free major depressive disorder.

Anjum S, Qusar M, Shahriar M, Islam S, Bhuiyan M, Islam M Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2020; 10:2045125320916655.

PMID: 32435448 PMC: 7225792. DOI: 10.1177/2045125320916655.

Therapeutic Potential of for Depressive Disorder.

Chong P, Fung M, Wong K, Lim L Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 21(1).

PMID: 31881712 PMC: 6982118. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010163.

References

Baune B, Ponath G, Rothermundt M, Roesler A, Berger K . Association between cytokines and cerebral MRI changes in the aging brain. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2009; 22(1):23-34. DOI: 10.1177/0891988708328216. View

Milaneschi Y, Corsi A, Penninx B, Bandinelli S, Guralnik J, Ferrucci L . Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and incident depressive symptoms over 6 years in older persons: the InCHIANTI study. Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 65(11):973-8. PMC: 2682634. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.011. View

Lichtblau N, Schmidt F, Schumann R, Kirkby K, Himmerich H . Cytokines as biomarkers in depressive disorder: current standing and prospects. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2013; 25(5):592-603. DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2013.813442. View

Maes M, Bosmans E, De Jongh R, Kenis G, Vandoolaeghe E, Neels H . Increased serum IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist concentrations in major depression and treatment resistant depression. Cytokine. 1998; 9(11):853-8. DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1997.0238. View

Voorhees J, Tarr A, Wohleb E, Godbout J, Mo X, Sheridan J . Prolonged restraint stress increases IL-6, reduces IL-10, and causes persistent depressive-like behavior that is reversed by recombinant IL-10. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e58488. PMC: 3592793. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058488. View

Talarowska M, Galecki P, Maes M, Bobinska K, Kowalczyk E . Total antioxidant status correlates with cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Neurochem Res. 2012; 37(8):1761-7. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0788-z. View

Dahl J, Ormstad H, Aass H, Malt U, Traskman Bendz L, Sandvik L . The plasma levels of various cytokines are increased during ongoing depression and are reduced to normal levels after recovery. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014; 45:77-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.019. View

Maes M . Major depression and activation of the inflammatory response system. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999; 461:25-46. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-585-37970-8_2. View

Livak K, Schmittgen T . Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2002; 25(4):402-8. DOI: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262. View

10.

Winer J, Jung C, Shackel I, Williams P . Development and validation of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for monitoring gene expression in cardiac myocytes in vitro. Anal Biochem. 1999; 270(1):41-9. DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4085. View

11.

OBrien S, Scully P, Fitzgerald P, Scott L, Dinan T . Plasma cytokine profiles in depressed patients who fail to respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy. J Psychiatr Res. 2006; 41(3-4):326-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.05.013. View

12.

Singhal G, Jaehne E, Corrigan F, Toben C, Baune B . Inflammasomes in neuroinflammation and changes in brain function: a focused review. Front Neurosci. 2014; 8:315. PMC: 4188030. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00315. View

13.

Bakunina N, Pariante C, Zunszain P . Immune mechanisms linked to depression via oxidative stress and neuroprogression. Immunology. 2015; 144(3):365-373. PMC: 4557673. DOI: 10.1111/imm.12443. View

14.

Khairova R, Machado-Vieira R, Du J, Manji H . A potential role for pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009; 12(4):561-78. PMC: 2771334. DOI: 10.1017/S1461145709009924. View

15.

Yoshimura R, Hori H, Ikenouchi-Sugita A, Umene-Nakano W, Katsuki A, Atake K . Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor response in patients with major depressive disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013; 28(5):466-70. DOI: 10.1002/hup.2333. View

16.

Spanemberg L, Caldieraro M, Vares E, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Kauer-SantAnna M, Kawamoto S . Biological differences between melancholic and nonmelancholic depression subtyped by the CORE measure. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014; 10:1523-31. PMC: 4149384. DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S66504. View

17.

Munzer A, Sack U, Mergl R, Schonherr J, Petersein C, Bartsch S . Impact of antidepressants on cytokine production of depressed patients in vitro. Toxins (Basel). 2013; 5(11):2227-40. PMC: 3847723. DOI: 10.3390/toxins5112227. View

18.

Patten S . Performance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for major depression in community and clinical samples. Chronic Dis Can. 1997; 18(3):109-12. View

19.

Catena-DellOsso M, Rotella F, DellOsso A, Fagiolini A, Marazziti D . Inflammation, serotonin and major depression. Curr Drug Targets. 2013; 14(5):571-7. DOI: 10.2174/13894501113149990154. View

20.

Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim E . A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2009; 67(5):446-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033. View