Whole-body MRI, Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI, and Diffusion-weighted Imaging for the Staging of Multiple Myeloma

Overview

Journal Skeletal Radiol

Specialties Orthopedics
Radiology

Date 2017 Mar 15

PMID 28289855

Citations 13

Authors

Julie C Dutoit

Koenraad L Verstraete

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive imaging technique for the detection of bone marrow infiltration, and has therefore recently been included in the new diagnostic myeloma criteria, as proposed by the International Myeloma Working Group. Nevertheless, conventional MRI only provides anatomical information and is therefore only of limited use in the response assessment of patients with multiple myeloma. The additional information from functional MRI techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, can improve the detection rate of bone marrow infiltration and the assessment of response. This can further enhance the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in the staging of multiple myeloma patients. This article provides an overview of the technical aspects of conventional and functional MRI techniques with practical recommendations. It reviews the diagnostic performance, prognostic value, and role in therapy assessment in multiple myeloma and its precursor stages.

Citing Articles

Predicting cytogenetic risk in multiple myeloma using conventional whole-body MRI, spinal dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and spinal diffusion-weighted imaging.

Den Berghe T, Verberckmoes B, Kint N, Wallaert S, De Vos N, Algoet C Insights Imaging. 2024; 15(1):106.

PMID: 38597979 PMC: 11006637. DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01672-1.

Computed tomographic findings in dogs with multiple myeloma.

Hoim S, Fitzgerald E, Mapletoft E, Purzycka K Vet Med Sci. 2023; 9(2):660-669.

PMID: 36625231 PMC: 10029888. DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1019.

Erdheim-Chester disease: diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI provide useful information.

Den Berghe T, Candries E, Everaert N, Saerens M, Van Dorpe J, Verstraete K Skeletal Radiol. 2023; 52(8):1605-1618.

PMID: 36602575 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04265-5.

Case report: Thoracic and lumbar plasma cell myeloma mimicking hemangiomas on MRI and F-FDG PET/CT.

Hu X, Xiong W, Li S, Li X, Cai J, Wang P Front Med (Lausanne). 2022; 9:967531.

PMID: 35991641 PMC: 9386064. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.967531.

Imaging for Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: What, When, and How?.

Guha A, Vijan A, Agarwal U, Goda J, Mahajan A, Shetty N Front Oncol. 2022; 12:825394.

PMID: 35402253 PMC: 8987930. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.825394.

References

Spinnato P, Bazzocchi A, Brioli A, Nanni C, Zamagni E, Albisinni U . Contrast enhanced MRI and ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT in the assessment of multiple myeloma: a comparison of results in different phases of the disease. Eur J Radiol. 2012; 81(12):4013-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.06.028. View

Dutoit J, Vanderkerken M, Verstraete K . Value of whole body MRI and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in the diagnosis, follow-up and evaluation of disease activity and extent in multiple myeloma. Eur J Radiol. 2013; 82(9):1444-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.04.012. View

Haase A, Matthaei D, Bartkowski R, Duhmke E, Leibfritz D . Inversion recovery snapshot FLASH MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1989; 13(6):1036-40. DOI: 10.1097/00004728-198911000-00016. View

Adam Z, Bolcak K, Stanicek J, Buchler T, Pour L, Krejci M . Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in multiple myeloma, solitary plasmocytoma and monoclonal gammapathy of unknown significance. Neoplasma. 2007; 54(6):536-40. View

Tofts P . Modeling tracer kinetics in dynamic Gd-DTPA MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1997; 7(1):91-101. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880070113. View

Alyas F, Saifuddin A, Connell D . MR imaging evaluation of the bone marrow and marrow infiltrative disorders of the lumbar spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2007; 15(2):199-219, vi. DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2007.03.002. View

Terpos E, Moulopoulos L, Dimopoulos M . Advances in imaging and the management of myeloma bone disease. J Clin Oncol. 2011; 29(14):1907-15. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2010.32.5449. View

Vande Berg B, Michaux L, Lecouvet F, Labaisse M, Malghem J, Jamart J . Nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy: correlation of bone marrow MR images with laboratory findings and spontaneous clinical outcome. Radiology. 1997; 202(1):247-51. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.202.1.8988218. View

Baur-Melnyk A, Buhmann S, Becker C, Schoenberg S, Lang N, Bartl R . Whole-body MRI versus whole-body MDCT for staging of multiple myeloma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008; 190(4):1097-104. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.07.2635. View

10.

Padhani A, Ree K, Collins D, DSa S, Makris A . Assessing the relation between bone marrow signal intensity and apparent diffusion coefficient in diffusion-weighted MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012; 200(1):163-70. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.11.8185. View

11.

Hillengass J, Stieltjes B, Bauerle T, McClanahan F, Heiss C, Hielscher T . Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging of bone marrow in healthy individuals. Acta Radiol. 2011; 52(3):324-30. DOI: 10.1258/ar.2010.100366. View

12.

Vogler 3rd J, Murphy W . Bone marrow imaging. Radiology. 1988; 168(3):679-93. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.168.3.3043546. View

13.

Hillengass J, Wasser K, Delorme S, Kiessling F, Zechmann C, Benner A . Lumbar bone marrow microcirculation measurements from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a predictor of event-free survival in progressive multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007; 13(2 Pt 1):475-81. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0061. View

14.

Hillengass J, Landgren O . Challenges and opportunities of novel imaging techniques in monoclonal plasma cell disorders: imaging "early myeloma". Leuk Lymphoma. 2013; 54(7):1355-63. DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.740559. View

15.

Moulopoulos L, Dimopoulos M . Magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow in hematologic malignancies. Blood. 1997; 90(6):2127-47. View

16.

Fenchel M, Konaktchieva M, Weisel K, Kraus S, Brodoefel H, Claussen C . Early response assessment in patients with multiple myeloma during anti-angiogenic therapy using arterial spin labelling: first clinical results. Eur Radiol. 2010; 20(12):2899-906. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-010-1870-z. View

17.

Ross J, Delamarter R, Hueftle M, Masaryk T, Aikawa M, Carter J . Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of the postoperative lumbar spine: time course and mechanism of enhancement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989; 152(4):825-34. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.152.4.825. View

18.

Verstraete K, van der Woude H, Hogendoorn P, KUNNEN M, Bloem J . Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of musculoskeletal tumors: basic principles and clinical applications. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996; 6(2):311-21. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880060210. View

19.

Herrmann J, Krstin N, Schoennagel B, Sornsakrin M, Derlin T, Busch J . Age-related distribution of vertebral bone-marrow diffusivity. Eur J Radiol. 2012; 81(12):4046-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.03.033. View

20.

Stabler A, Baur A, Bartl R, Munker R, Lamerz R, Reiser M . Contrast enhancement and quantitative signal analysis in MR imaging of multiple myeloma: assessment of focal and diffuse growth patterns in marrow correlated with biopsies and survival rates. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996; 167(4):1029-36. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.167.4.8819407. View