Retrospective Evaluation of Circulating Thyroid Hormones in Critically Ill Dogs with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Overview

Journal J Vet Sci

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2017 Jan 7

PMID 28057899

Citations 7

Authors

Massimo Giunti

Roberta Troia

Mara Battilani

Luciana Giardino

Francesco Dondi

Giulia Andreani

Federico Fracassi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Critical illness can be associated with transient alterations in circulating thyroid hormone concentrations, indicating the presence of non-thyroidal illness (NTI). NTI is well described in humans, but there are few reports on its occurrence and prognostic significance in dogs. This retrospective study assessed the occurrence of NTI in a population of dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and investigated its association with disease severity (APPLE scores). A total of 41 SIRS dogs were included and were divided by SIRS origin (non-septic SIRS, n = 10; septic SIRS, n = 41) and final outcome (survivors, n = 37; non-survivors, n = 4). Healthy, age-matched dogs (n = 15) were included as controls. Serum thyroid hormone levels including total T3, free T3, total T4, and reverse T3 were measured upon admission. Compared to controls, there were significant changes in serum thyroid hormone concentrations in SIRS dogs, suggesting the presence of NTI. Septic SIRS dogs had higher APPLE scores and lower serum thyroid hormones concentrations than those in non-septic SIRS and control dogs. In conclusion, NTI was frequent in dogs with SIRS and may be associated with the presence of sepsis or high illness severity.

Citing Articles

Total thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin concentrations during acute nonthyroidal illness and recovery in dogs.

Corsini A, Baldo F, Lunetta F, Ribichini S, Giunti M, Fidanzio F J Vet Intern Med. 2024; 38(3):1345-1352.

PMID: 38654457 PMC: 11099717. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17059.

Thyroid function tests during nonthyroidal illness syndrome and recovery in acutely ill dogs.

Bolton T, Panciera D, Voudren C, Crawford-Jennings M J Vet Intern Med. 2023; 38(1):111-122.

PMID: 38032018 PMC: 10800236. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16947.

The prognostic value of procalcitonin in critically ill cases of systematic inflammatory response syndrome in dogs.

Chadorneshin J, Khaksar E, Sharif M, Jahandideh A Comp Clin Path. 2022; 32(1):91-97.

PMID: 36466191 PMC: 9703405. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-022-03417-2.

Serum Total Thyroxine Evaluation in Critically Ill Feline Patients.

Gori E, Pierini A, Bartolomeo E, Ceccherini G, Pasquini A, Marchetti V Vet Sci. 2021; 8(2).

PMID: 33514056 PMC: 7911658. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020021.

Prognostic value of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and serum concentrations of acute phase proteins, cholesterol, and total thyroxine in cats with panleukopenia.

Petini M, Drigo M, Zoia A J Vet Intern Med. 2020; 34(2):719-724.

PMID: 31977127 PMC: 7096634. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15704.

References

Schoeman J, Rees P, Herrtage M . Endocrine predictors of mortality in canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis rossi. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 148(2):75-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.06.010. View

Hauptman J, Walshaw R, Olivier N . Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic criteria for sepsis in dogs. Vet Surg. 1997; 26(5):393-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1997.tb01699.x. View

Hayes G, Mathews K, Doig G, Kruth S, Boston S, Nykamp S . The acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) score: a severity of illness stratification system for hospitalized dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2010; 24(5):1034-47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0552.x. View

Kantrowitz L, Peterson M, Melian C, Nichols R . Serum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with nonthyroidal disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001; 219(6):765-9. DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.219.765. View

Paradis M, Sauve F, Charest J, Refsal K, Moreau M, Dupuis J . Effects of moderate to severe osteoarthritis on canine thyroid function. Can Vet J. 2003; 44(5):407-12. PMC: 340149. View

Reimers T, Lawler D, Sutaria P, Correa M, Erb H . Effects of age, sex, and body size on serum concentrations of thyroid and adrenocortical hormones in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1990; 51(3):454-7. View

Economidou F, Douka E, Tzanela M, Nanas S, Kotanidou A . Thyroid function during critical illness. Hormones (Athens). 2011; 10(2):117-24. DOI: 10.14310/horm.2002.1301. View

Battilani M, Balboni A, Ustulin M, Giunti M, Scagliarini A, Prosperi S . Genetic complexity and multiple infections with more Parvovirus species in naturally infected cats. Vet Res. 2011; 42:43. PMC: 3059301. DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-43. View

Schoeman J, Herrtage M . Serum thyrotropin, thyroxine and free thyroxine concentrations as predictors of mortality in critically ill puppies with parvovirus infection: a model for human paediatric critical illness?. Microbes Infect. 2008; 10(2):203-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.11.002. View

10.

Schoeman J, Goddard A, Herrtage M . Serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations as predictors of death in critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2007; 231(10):1534-9. DOI: 10.2460/javma.231.10.1534. View

11.

Mooney C, Shiel R, Dixon R . Thyroid hormone abnormalities and outcome in dogs with non-thyroidal illness. J Small Anim Pract. 2007; 49(1):11-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00418.x. View

12.

Warner M, Beckett G . Mechanisms behind the non-thyroidal illness syndrome: an update. J Endocrinol. 2009; 205(1):1-13. DOI: 10.1677/JOE-09-0412. View

13.

Angelousi A, Karageorgopoulos D, Kapaskelis A, Falagas M . Association between thyroid function tests at baseline and the outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010; 164(2):147-55. DOI: 10.1530/EJE-10-0695. View

14.

Christensen M, Langhorn R, Goddard A, Andreasen E, Moldal E, Tvarijonaviciute A . Comparison of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein as diagnostic markers of systemic inflammation in dogs. Can Vet J. 2014; 55(2):161-8. PMC: 3894877. View

15.

Panciera D, Ritchey J, Ward D . Endotoxn-induced nonthyroidal illness in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2003; 64(2):229-34. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.229. View

16.

Hegstad-Davies R, Torres S, Sharkey L, Gresch S, Munoz-Zanzi C, Davies P . Breed-specific reference intervals for assessing thyroid function in seven dog breeds. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2015; 27(6):716-27. DOI: 10.1177/1040638715606953. View

17.

Bentley A, Mayhew P, Culp W, Otto C . Alterations in the hemostatic profiles of dogs with naturally occurring septic peritonitis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2013; 23(1):14-22. DOI: 10.1111/vec.12013. View

18.

Otto C, Drobatz K, Soter C . Endotoxemia and tumor necrosis factor activity in dogs with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Intern Med. 1997; 11(2):65-70. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00075.x. View

19.

Panciera D, MacEwen E, Atkins C, Bosu W, Refsal K, Nachreiner R . Thyroid function tests in euthyroid dogs treated with L-thyroxine. Am J Vet Res. 1990; 51(1):22-6. View

20.

Ruaux C . Diagnostic approaches to acute pancreatitis. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 2004; 18(4):245-9. DOI: 10.1016/S1096-2867(03)00072-0. View