Noise and Non-neuronal Contributions to the BOLD Signal: Applications to and Insights from Animal Studies

Overview

Journal Neuroimage

Specialty Radiology

Date 2016 Dec 27

PMID 28017922

Citations 17

Authors

Shella D Keilholz

Wen-Ju Pan

Jacob Billings

Maysam Nezafati

Sadia Shakil

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The BOLD signal reflects hemodynamic events within the brain, which in turn are driven by metabolic changes and neural activity. However, the link between BOLD changes and neural activity is indirect and can be influenced by a number of non-neuronal processes. Motion and physiological cycles have long been known to affect the BOLD signal and are present in both humans and animal models. Differences in physiological baseline can also contribute to intra- and inter-subject variability. The use of anesthesia, common in animal studies, alters neural activity, vascular tone, and neurovascular coupling. Most intriguing, perhaps, are the contributions from other processes that do not appear to be neural in origin but which may provide information about other aspects of neurophysiology. This review discusses different types of noise and non-neuronal contributors to the BOLD signal, sources of variability for animal studies, and insights to be gained from animal models.

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