Closed-loop Brain Training: the Science of Neurofeedback

Overview

Journal Nat Rev Neurosci

Specialty Neurology

Date 2016 Dec 23

PMID 28003656

Citations 371

Authors

Ranganatha Sitaram

Tomas Ros

Luke Stoeckel

Sven Haller

Frank Scharnowski

Jarrod Lewis-Peacock

Nikolaus Weiskopf

Maria Laura Blefari

Mohit Rana

Ethan Oblak

Niels Birbaumer

James Sulzer

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Neurofeedback is a psychophysiological procedure in which online feedback of neural activation is provided to the participant for the purpose of self-regulation. Learning control over specific neural substrates has been shown to change specific behaviours. As a progenitor of brain-machine interfaces, neurofeedback has provided a novel way to investigate brain function and neuroplasticity. In this Review, we examine the mechanisms underlying neurofeedback, which have started to be uncovered. We also discuss how neurofeedback is being used in novel experimental and clinical paradigms from a multidisciplinary perspective, encompassing neuroscientific, neuroengineering and learning-science viewpoints.

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