No Evidence for Homosubtypic Immunity of Influenza H3 in Mallards Following Vaccination in a Natural Experimental System

Overview

Journal Mol Ecol

Specialties Environmental Health
Molecular Biology

Date 2016 Dec 21

PMID 27997047

Citations 5

Authors

M Wille

N Latorre-Margalef

C Tolf

D E Stallknecht

J Waldenstrom

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is an important reservoir species for influenza A viruses (IAV), and in this host, prevalence and virus diversity are high. Studies have demonstrated the presence of homosubtypic immunity, where individuals are unlikely to be reinfected with the same subtype within an autumn season. Further, evidence for heterosubtypic immunity exists, whereby immune responses specific for one subtype offer partial or complete protection against related HA subtypes. We utilized a natural experimental system to determine whether homo- or heterospecific immunity could be induced following experimental vaccination. Thirty Mallards were vaccinated with an inactivated H3, H6 or a sham vaccine and after seroconversion were exposed to naturally infected wild conspecifics. All ducks were infected within 2 days and had both primary and secondary infections. Overall, there was no observable difference between groups; all individuals were infected with H3 and H10 IAV. At the cessation of the experiment, most individuals had anti-NP antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against H10. Not all individuals had H3 neutralizing antibodies. The isolated H3 IAVs revealed genetic dissimilarity to the H3 vaccine strain, specifically substitutions in the vicinity of the receptor-binding site. There was no evidence of vaccine-induced homosubtypic immunity to H3, a likely result of both a poor H3 immune response in the ducks and H3 immune escape. Likewise, there was no observed heterosubtypic protection related to H6 vaccination. This study highlights the need for experimental approaches to assess how exposure to pathogens and resulting immune processes translates to individual and population disease dynamics.

Citing Articles

Evolutionary features of a prolific subtype of avian influenza A virus in European waterfowl.

Wille M, Tolf C, Latorre-Margalef N, Fouchier R, Halpin R, Wentworth D Virus Evol. 2022; 8(2):veac074.

PMID: 36128050 PMC: 9477075. DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac074.

The Ecology and Evolution of Influenza Viruses.

Wille M, Holmes E Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2019; 10(7).

PMID: 31871237 PMC: 7328453. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038489.

Serologic Evidence of Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses in Migratory Shorebirds, Australia.

Wille M, Lisovski S, Risely A, Ferenczi M, Roshier D, Wong F Emerg Infect Dis. 2019; 25(10):1903-1910.

PMID: 31538564 PMC: 6759277. DOI: 10.3201/eid2510.190699.

Antarctic Penguins as Reservoirs of Diversity for Avian Avulaviruses.

Wille M, Aban M, Wang J, Moore N, Shan S, Marshall J J Virol. 2019; 93(11).

PMID: 30894472 PMC: 6532105. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00271-19.

Urbanization and the dynamics of RNA viruses in Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos).

Wille M, Lindqvist K, Muradrasoli S, Olsen B, Jarhult J Infect Genet Evol. 2017; 51:89-97.

PMID: 28323070 PMC: 7106234. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.03.019.

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