Determinants of Maternal Vitamin D Concentrations in Slovenia : A prospective Observational Study

Overview

Journal Wien Klin Wochenschr

Publisher Springer

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2016 Dec 10

PMID 27933507

Citations 8

Authors

Andraz Dovnik

Faris Mujezinovic

Milena Treiber

Breda Pecovnik Balon

Maksimiljan Gorenjak

Uros Maver

Iztok Takac

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the vitamin D status of pregnant women in Slovenia and the factors influencing it.

Methods: The study was performed in Maribor University Medical Centre (location 46°N). Maternal serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) in 4 groups of 100 pregnant women in 4 different seasons of the year was measured at the time of delivery. Data on life style, eating habits, sunbathing and intake of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy were obtained using a questionnaire. Information on maternal outcome was acquired from medical records. Duration of sunlight and average temperature in the month preceding delivery were calculated from meteorological data.

Results: The average maternal 25(OH)D concentration ranged from 28.5 ± 17.1 nmol/l in March to 54.8 ± 24.1 nmol/l in June (p < 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency, i.e. <25 nmol/l 25(OH)D was present in 23.6% of women overall. In multiple regression analysis supplements containing vitamin D (β = 0.225, p < 0.001) and duration of intentional exposure to sunlight (β = 0.192, p = 0.026) were associated with maternal 25(OH)D status. Significantly lower vitamin D levels were observed in women who had a cesarean section (t = 2.053, p = 0.041) and those with premature delivery (t = 2.296, p = 0.022). Vitamin D levels were not associated with the occurrence of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension or infections during pregnancy.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was detected at the end of pregnancy, especially in the months following autumn and winter and in women who did not take supplements containing vitamin D.

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