The Drosophila Indirect Flight Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Isoform is Insufficient to Transform the Jump Muscle into a Highly Stretch-activated Muscle Type

Stretch activation (SA) is a delayed increase in force that enables high power and efficiency from a cyclically contracting muscle. SA exists in various degrees in almost all muscle types. In Drosophila, the indirect flight muscle (IFM) displays exceptionally high SA force production (F), whereas the jump muscle produces only minimal F We previously found that expressing an embryonic (EMB) myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform in the jump muscle transforms it into a moderately SA muscle type and enables positive cyclical power generation. To investigate whether variation in MHC isoforms is sufficient to produce even higher F, we substituted the IFM MHC isoform (IFI) into the jump muscle. Surprisingly, we found that IFI only caused a 1.7-fold increase in F, less than half the increase previously observed with EMB, and only at a high Pi concentration, 16 mM. This IFI-induced F is much less than what occurs in IFM, relative to isometric tension, and did not enable positive cyclical power generation by the jump muscle. Both isometric tension and F of control fibers decreased with increasing Pi concentration. However, for IFI-expressing fibers, only isometric tension decreased. The rate of F generation was ~1.5-fold faster for IFI fibers than control fibers, and both rates were Pi dependent. We conclude that MHC isoforms can alter F and hence cyclical power generation but that isoforms can only endow a muscle type with moderate F Highly SA muscle types, such as IFM, likely use a different or additional mechanism.