Has Child Restraint System Use Increased Among Parents of Children in Shantou, China?

Overview

Journal Int J Environ Res Public Health

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Environmental Health
Public Health

Date 2016 Oct 1

PMID 27690070

Citations 7

Authors

Huiqian Lei

Jingzhen Yang

Xiangxiang Liu

Xiaojun Chen

Liping Li

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: to examine parents' use of child restraint systems (CRS), and determine if parents' knowledge of, attitude toward, and use behavior of child restraint systems have improved following enactment of child restraint use laws in other cities.

Design: Observations and a cross-sectional survey of drivers transporting children 17 years and under were conducted at the gate of the schools and parking lots of hospitals in Shantou. Observers recorded the seating location of child passengers, the type of restraint, and appropriate use of CRS and safety belts based on the observation. Knowledge of and attitudes towards use of CRS were reported by the driver following observation.

Results: Approximately 6.6% of passengers aged 0-12 were in CRS; rate of forward-facing CRS in children aged 3-5 (9.9%) was higher than rear-facing CRS for children aged 0-2 (1.1%) and booster seat use among children aged 6-12 (0.1%). Children younger than four years old (OR = 3.395, 95% CI = 2.125-5.424), drivers having a college or higher lever education (OR = 2.908, 95% CI = 1.878-4.500) and drivers wearing seatbelt (OR = 3.194, 95% CI = 1.605-6.356) had greater odds of CRS use. Over half (56.6%) of parents might or would use CRS if they could rent CRSs with fees.

Conclusions: The rate of CRS is still low in Shantou. Comprehensive public education programs supported by legislation might be an effective way to improve child passenger safety. Renting CRSs to parents could be a new approach to encourage use.

Citing Articles

Restraint Use for Child Occupants in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Ahmad I, Fildes B, Logan D, Koppel S Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(10).

PMID: 35627501 PMC: 9141416. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105966.

Practice in child restraint system use among attendees of Well-baby clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Albishi A, Alshaikh R, Alsulami A, Bardisi W, Alqurashi D J Family Med Prim Care. 2022; 11(2):512-519.

PMID: 35360811 PMC: 8963608. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1273_21.

Child restraint use in motor vehicles in Shanghai, China: a multiround cross-sectional observational study.

Chen T, Bachani A, Li Q BMJ Open. 2021; 11(11):e050896.

PMID: 34845069 PMC: 8634021. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050896.

The Prevalence of Child Restraint System Use and Pattern of Child Transportation in Buraidah City.

AlAmmar H, Jahan S J Family Med Prim Care. 2021; 10(8):2810-2815.

PMID: 34660410 PMC: 8483089. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2301_20.

Prevalence of child passenger restraint use in Shantou, China from 2012 to 2017.

Yan S, Ding K, Yang J, Ye W, Li L BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):807.

PMID: 32471397 PMC: 7257449. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08859-3.

References

Nakahara S, Ichikawa M, Nakajima Y . Effects of increasing child restraint use in reducing occupant injuries among children aged 0-5 years in Japan. Traffic Inj Prev. 2014; 16(1):55-61. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.897698. View

ONeil J, Slaven J, Talty J, Bull M . Are parents following the recommendations for keeping children younger than 2 years rear facing during motor vehicle travel?. Inj Prev. 2013; 20(4):226-31. DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040894. View

Chen X, Yang J, Peek-Asa C, McGehee D, Li L . Parents' knowledge, attitude, and use of child restraints, Shantou, China. Am J Prev Med. 2013; 46(1):85-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.08.017. View

Deng X, Jin Y, Peng J, Xia Q, Ma J, Wang L . [Analysis on influencing factors for child restraint system use in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2016; 37(1):10-5. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.01.003. View

Hunter K, Keay L, Simpson J, Brown J, Bilston L, Fegan M . Program fidelity measures associated with an effective child restraint program: Buckle-Up Safely. Am J Public Health. 2015; 105(3):584-90. PMC: 4330849. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302308. View

Ishikawa T, Oudie E, Desapriya E, Turcotte K, Pike I . A systematic review of community interventions to improve Aboriginal child passenger safety. Am J Public Health. 2014; 104 Suppl 3:e1-8. PMC: 4035885. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301683. View

Grivna M, Eid H, Abu-Zidan F . Pediatric and youth traffic-collision injuries in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates: a prospective study. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7):e68636. PMC: 3701680. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068636. View

Papavasiliou A, Stanton J, Sinha P, Forder J, Skyrme A . The complexity of seat belt injuries including spinal injury in the pediatric population: a case report of a 6-year-old boy and the literature review. Eur J Emerg Med. 2007; 14(3):180-3. DOI: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32801430e2. View

Nelson A, Modeste N, Hopp Marshak H, Hopp J . Saudi women's beliefs on the use of car infant restraints: a qualitative study. Traffic Inj Prev. 2014; 16:240-5. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.931578. View

10.

Liu X, Yang J, Chen X, Li L . Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors on Child Passenger Safety among Expectant Mothers and Parents of Newborns: A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach. PLoS One. 2016; 11(1):e0146121. PMC: 4703300. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146121. View

11.

Lapidus J, Smith N, Ebel B, Romero F . Restraint use among northwest American Indian children traveling in motor vehicles. Am J Public Health. 2005; 95(11):1982-8. PMC: 1449472. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.052514. View

12.

Olufunlayo T, Odeyemi K, Ogunnowo B, Onajole A, Oyediran M . An observational survey of child car safety practices in private pre-primary and primary schools in two local government areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. Inj Prev. 2011; 18(4):216-20. DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040047. View

13.

Zonfrillo M, Sauber-Schatz E, Hoffman B, Durbin D . Pediatricians' self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and practices about child passenger safety. J Pediatr. 2014; 165(5):1040-5.e1-2. PMC: 4253538. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.07.041. View

14.

Javouhey E, Guerin A, Gadegbeku B, Chiron M, Floret D . Are restrained children under 15 years of age in cars as effectively protected as adults?. Arch Dis Child. 2006; 91(4):304-8. PMC: 2065966. DOI: 10.1136/adc.2005.084756. View

15.

Oliveira S, de Barros Carvalho M, Santana R, Camargo G, Luders L, Franzin S . Child safety restraint use among children attending day care centers. Rev Saude Publica. 2009; 43(5):761-7. DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102009005000052. View

16.

Siddiqui E, Ejaz K, Waheed S, Kazi G, Khursheed M . Attitudes towards child restrains and seat belts usage in the learned population of Karachi, Pakistan. World J Emerg Med. 2014; 5(3):223-8. PMC: 4163811. DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2014.03.012. View

17.

Zaza S, Sleet D, Thompson R, Sosin D, Bolen J . Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of child safety seats. Am J Prev Med. 2001; 21(4 Suppl):31-47. DOI: 10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00377-4. View

18.

Pan S, Du W, Jiang F, Bilston L, Brown J, Shen X . Exploring child car passenger safety practices in China: experience from a parental survey in Shanghai. Inj Prev. 2011; 18(2):133-7. DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040049. View

19.

Skjerven-Martinsen M, Naess P, Hansen T, Gaarder C, Lereim I, Stray-Pedersen A . A prospective study of children aged <16 years in motor vehicle collisions in Norway: severe injuries are observed predominantly in older children and are associated with restraint misuse. Accid Anal Prev. 2014; 73:151-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.09.004. View

20.

Golden S, Earp J . Social ecological approaches to individuals and their contexts: twenty years of health education & behavior health promotion interventions. Health Educ Behav. 2012; 39(3):364-72. DOI: 10.1177/1090198111418634. View