Comparison of Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles of Women With and Without Premenstrual Syndrome: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Overview

Journal Int J Endocrinol Metab

Publisher Brieflands

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2016 Sep 29

PMID 27679647

Citations 4

Authors

Somayeh Hashemi

Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani

Nader Mohammadi

Marzieh Rostami Dovom

Farahnaz Torkestani

Masumeh Simbar

Fereidoun Azizi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is reported by up to 85% of women of reproductive age. Although several studies have focused on the hormone and lipid profiles of females with PMS, the results are controversial.

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the association of hormonal and metabolic factors with PMS among Iranian women of reproductive age.

Materials And Methods: This study was a community based cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and metabolic disorders were compared between 354 women with PMS and 302 healthy controls selected from among 1126 women of reproductive age who participated in the Iranian PCOS prevalence study. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: Prolactin (PRL) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly elevated in women with PMS, whereas their testosterone (TES), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels were significantly less than they were in women without the syndrome (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI), linear regression analysis demonstrated that for every one unit increase in PMS score there was 12% rise in the probability of having metabolic syndrome (P = 0.033).

Conclusions: There was a significant association between PMS scores and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Further studies are needed to confirm and validate the relationships between lipid profile abnormalities and metabolic disorders with PMS.

Citing Articles

Association of menopausal symptoms and menopausal quality of life with premenstrual syndrome.

Tuygar-Okutucu F, Cimilli-Senocak G, Ceyhun H, Ozcan H Malawi Med J. 2024; 35(2):95-100.

PMID: 38264163 PMC: 10731529. DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v35i2.4.

Sleep Quality in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome-Related Variables.

Chun H, Doo M Healthcare (Basel). 2023; 11(10).

PMID: 37239778 PMC: 10217795. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101492.

Association between Dietary Habits and Severity of Symptoms in Premenstrual Syndrome.

Quaglia C, Nettore I, Palatucci G, Franchini F, Ungaro P, Colao A Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(3).

PMID: 36767083 PMC: 9914022. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031717.

Medical symptoms and conditions in autistic women.

Simantov T, Pohl A, Tsompanidis A, Weir E, Lombardo M, Ruigrok A Autism. 2021; 26(2):373-388.

PMID: 34184558 PMC: 8814970. DOI: 10.1177/13623613211022091.

References

. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). JAMA. 1993; 269(23):3015-23. View

Zarrouf F, Artz S, Griffith J, Sirbu C, Kommor M . Testosterone and depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Pract. 2009; 15(4):289-305. DOI: 10.1097/01.pra.0000358315.88931.fc. View

McEwen B, Alves S . Estrogen actions in the central nervous system. Endocr Rev. 1999; 20(3):279-307. DOI: 10.1210/edrv.20.3.0365. View

Rosner W, Auchus R, Azziz R, Sluss P, Raff H . Position statement: Utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 92(2):405-13. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1864. View

Skilton M, Moulin P, Terra J, Bonnet F . Associations between anxiety, depression, and the metabolic syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 2007; 62(11):1251-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.012. View

. Premenstrual tension and functional infertility. Aetiology and treatment. Lancet. 1976; 1(7969):1095-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90062-3. View

Barrett-Connor E, von Muhlen D, Laughlin G, Kripke A . Endogenous levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, but not other sex hormones, are associated with depressed mood in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999; 47(6):685-91. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01590.x. View

Woods N, Smith-DiJulio K, Percival D, Tao E, Mariella A, Mitchell S . Depressed mood during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Menopause. 2008; 15(2):223-232. DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181450fc2. View

Johnson S . Premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and beyond: a clinical primer for practitioners. Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 104(4):845-59. DOI: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000140686.66212.1e. View

10.

Eriksson E, Sundblad C, Lisjo P, Modigh K, Andersch B . Serum levels of androgens are higher in women with premenstrual irritability and dysphoria than in controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1992; 17(2-3):195-204. DOI: 10.1016/0306-4530(92)90058-f. View

11.

Lloyd-Jones D, Evans J, Larson M, ODonnell C, Wilson P, Levy D . Cross-classification of JNC VI blood pressure stages and risk groups in the Framingham Heart Study. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159(18):2206-12. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.159.18.2206. View

12.

Raikkonen K, Matthews K, Kuller L . Depressive symptoms and stressful life events predict metabolic syndrome among middle-aged women: a comparison of World Health Organization, Adult Treatment Panel III, and International Diabetes Foundation definitions. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(4):872-7. DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1857. View

13.

Angst J, Sellaro R, Merikangas K, Endicott J . The epidemiology of perimenstrual psychological symptoms. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001; 104(2):110-6. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00412.x. View

14.

Zarei S, Mosalanejad L, Ghobadifar M . Blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance in healthy women and women with premenstrual syndrome: a comparative study. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2013; 40(2):76-82. PMC: 3714432. DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2013.40.2.76. View

15.

Rohr U . The impact of testosterone imbalance on depression and women's health. Maturitas. 2002; 41 Suppl 1:S25-46. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00013-0. View

16.

Freeman E, Sammel M, Lin H, Nelson D . Associations of hormones and menopausal status with depressed mood in women with no history of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006; 63(4):375-82. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.375. View

17.

Bloch M, Schmidt P, Su T, Tobin M, Rubinow D . Pituitary-adrenal hormones and testosterone across the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome and controls. Biol Psychiatry. 1998; 43(12):897-903. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00403-x. View

18.

. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33 Suppl 1:S62-9. PMC: 2797383. DOI: 10.2337/dc10-S062. View

19.

Becker E, Lieb R, Krause P . Prevalence, incidence and stability of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the community. Psychol Med. 2002; 32(1):119-32. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291701004925. View

20.

McCoy N, Davidson J . A longitudinal study of the effects of menopause on sexuality. Maturitas. 1985; 7(3):203-10. DOI: 10.1016/0378-5122(85)90041-6. View