Viral Hepatitis: Indian Scenario

Overview

Journal Med J Armed Forces India

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2016 Aug 23

PMID 27546957

Citations 18

Authors

Sandeep Satsangi

Yogesh K Chawla

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is a cause for major health care burden in India and is now equated as a threat comparable to the "big three" communicable diseases - HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis E virus are predominantly enterically transmitted pathogens and are responsible to cause both sporadic infections and epidemics of acute viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus are predominantly spread via parenteral route and are notorious to cause chronic hepatitis which can lead to grave complications including cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Around 400 million people all over the world suffer from chronic hepatitis and the Asia-Pacific region constitutes the epicentre of this epidemic. The present article would aim to cover the basic virologic aspects of these viruses and highlight the present scenario of viral hepatitis in India.

Citing Articles

The Clinical Profile of Children With Hepatitis A Infection: An Observational Hospital-Based Study.

Murlidharan S, Sangle A, Engade M, Kale A Cureus. 2022; 14(8):e28290.

PMID: 36168369 PMC: 9506446. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28290.

Risk of liver disease in areca nut habitual: A systematic review.

Khasbage S, Bhowate R, Khatib N J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022; 26(1):128-129.

PMID: 35571298 PMC: 9106242. DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_345_21.

Post vaccination antibody titres of hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in a mixed cohort of health care workers.

Lall M, Sen S, Patrikar S, Karade S, Gupta R Med J Armed Forces India. 2022; 78(2):198-203.

PMID: 35463555 PMC: 9023541. DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.11.023.

Viral Hepatitis as a Public Health Concern: A Narrative Review About the Current Scenario and the Way Forward.

Bhadoria A, Khwairakpam G, Grover G, Pathak V, Pandey P, Gupta R Cureus. 2022; 14(2):e21907.

PMID: 35265429 PMC: 8898569. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21907.

Pediatric Liver Disease in India.

Shanmugam N, Sathyasekaran M, Rela M Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2021; 18(3):155-157.

PMID: 34691403 PMC: 8518350. DOI: 10.1002/cld.1138.

References

Naderi M, Gholipour N, Zolfaghari M, Moradi Binabaj M, Yegane Moghadam A, Motalleb G . Hepatitis C virus and vaccine development. Int J Mol Cell Med. 2015; 3(4):207-15. PMC: 4293608. View

Kumar A, Kumar S, Pandey R, Naik S, Aggarwal R . Hepatitis B virus genotype A is more often associated with severe liver disease in northern India than is genotype D. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2005; 24(1):19-22. View

Koff R . Hepatitis A. Lancet. 1998; 351(9116):1643-9. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)01304-X. View

Murhekar M, Murhekar K, Sehgal S . Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among the tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102(8):729-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.044. View

Shrestha M, Scott R, Joshi D, Mammen Jr M, Thapa G, Thapa N . Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356(9):895-903. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa061847. View

Shalimar , Kumar D, Vadiraja P, Nayak B, Thakur B, Das P . Acute on chronic liver failure because of acute hepatic insults: Etiologies, course, extrahepatic organ failure and predictors of mortality. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015; 31(4):856-64. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13213. View

Jain P, Prakash S, Gupta S, Singh K, Shrivastava S, Singh D . Prevalence of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis E virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in North India: a hospital based study. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2013; 31(3):261-5. DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.115631. View

Murhekar M, Murhekar K, Das D, Arankalle V, Sehgal S . Prevalence of hepatitis B infection among the primitive tribes of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Indian J Med Res. 2000; 111:199-203. View

Chauhan A, Dilawari J, Jameel S, Kaur U, Chawla Y, Sharma M . Common aetiological agent for epidemic and sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Lancet. 1992; 339(8808):1509-10. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91267-c. View

10.

Hosseini Moghaddam S . Hepatitis E virus and renal transplantation. Hepat Mon. 2011; 11(8):599-600. PMC: 3227492. DOI: 10.5812/kowsar.1735143x.770. View

11.

Wong D, Purcell R, Sreenivasan M, Prasad S, Pavri K . Epidemic and endemic hepatitis in India: evidence for a non-A, non-B hepatitis virus aetiology. Lancet. 1980; 2(8200):876-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92045-0. View

12.

Acharya S, Madan K, Dattagupta S, Panda S . Viral hepatitis in India. Natl Med J India. 2006; 19(4):203-17. View

13.

Sood A, Sarin S, Midha V, Hissar S, Sood N, Bansal P . Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in a selected geographical area of northern India: a population based survey. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2012; 31(5):232-6. DOI: 10.1007/s12664-012-0251-8. View

14.

Meena M, Jindal T, Hazarika A . Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among blood donors at a tertiary care hospital in India: a five-year study. Transfusion. 2010; 51(1):198-202. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02801.x. View

15.

Chandra M, Khaja M, Farees N, Poduri C, Hussain M, Habeeb M . Prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution of HCV and HBV infection in the tribal population: a community based study in south India. Trop Gastroenterol. 2004; 24(4):193-5. View

16.

Khuroo M, Rustgi V, Dawson G, MUSHAHWAR I, Yattoo G, Kamili S . Spectrum of hepatitis E virus infection in India. J Med Virol. 1994; 43(3):281-6. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890430316. View

17.

Kumar A, Saraswat V . Hepatitis E and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2015; 3(3):225-30. PMC: 3940130. DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2013.08.013. View

18.

Hewitt P, Ijaz S, Brailsford S, Brett R, Dicks S, Haywood B . Hepatitis E virus in blood components: a prevalence and transmission study in southeast England. Lancet. 2014; 384(9956):1766-73. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61034-5. View

19.

Puri P, Anand A, Saraswat V, Acharya S, Dhiman R, Aggarwal R . Consensus Statement of HCV Task Force of the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL). Part I: Status Report of HCV Infection in India. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2015; 4(2):106-16. PMC: 4116733. DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.05.006. View

20.

Dwivedi M, Misra S, Misra V, Pandey A, Pant S, Singh R . Seroprevalence of hepatitis B infection during pregnancy and risk of perinatal transmission. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2011; 30(2):66-71. DOI: 10.1007/s12664-011-0083-y. View