Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Screening with Fasting Plasma Glucose

Overview

Journal World J Diabetes

Publisher Baishideng Publishing Group

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2016 Aug 16

PMID 27525055

Citations 21

Authors

Mukesh M Agarwal

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has had a checkered history. During the last three decades, a few initial anecdotal reports have given way to the recent well-conducted studies. This review: (1) traces the history; (2) weighs the advantages and disadvantages; (3) addresses the significance in early pregnancy; (4) underscores the benefits after delivery; and (5) emphasizes the cost savings of using the FPG in the screening of GDM. It also highlights the utility of fasting capillary glucose and stresses the value of the FPG in circumventing the cumbersome oral glucose tolerance test. An understanding of all the caveats is crucial to be able to use the FPG for investigating glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Thus, all health professionals can use the patient-friendly FPG to simplify the onerous algorithms available for the screening and diagnosis of GDM - thereby helping each and every pregnant woman.

Citing Articles

Risk factors and diagnostic performance of predictors as a screening technique for gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Khobrani F, Alzahrani A, Binmahfoodh D, Hemedy R, Abbas S Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024; 86(8):4384-4388.

PMID: 39118718 PMC: 11305797. DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002247.

A Critical Review of Diagnostic Strategies and Maternal Offspring Complications in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Thakur A, Agrawal S, Chakole S, Wandile B Cureus. 2024; 15(12):e51016.

PMID: 38264369 PMC: 10804211. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51016.

Comparing the screening methods for gestational diabetes mellitus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Sun X, McKeaveney C, Noble H, OHara H, Perra O J Diabetes Investig. 2023; 15(4):500-516.

PMID: 38102930 PMC: 10981150. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14128.

Employing fasting plasma glucose to safely limit the use of oral glucose tolerance tests in pregnancy: a pooled analysis of four Norwegian studies.

Rai A, Sletner L, Jenum A, Overby N, Stafne S, Qvigstad E Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023; 14:1278523.

PMID: 38098869 PMC: 10720624. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1278523.

Response to "Fasting plasma glucose level to guide the need for an OGTT to screen for gestational diabetes mellitus".

Llerena-Velastegui J, Guevara-Espinoza S, Villacis-Lopez C, Santafe-Abril G Acta Diabetol. 2023; 60(6):857-858.

PMID: 36914779 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02067-2.

References

Juutinen J, Hartikainen A, Bloigu R, Tapanainen J . A retrospective study on 435 women with gestational diabetes: fasting plasma glucose is not sensitive enough for screening but predicts a need for insulin treatment. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23(12):1858-9. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.12.1858. View

Virally M, Laloi-Michelin M . Methods for the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Diabetes Metab. 2010; 36(6 Pt 2):549-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.11.008. View

Rey E, Hudon L, Michon N, Boucher P, Ethier J, Saint-Louis P . Fasting plasma glucose versus glucose challenge test: screening for gestational diabetes and cost effectiveness. Clin Biochem. 2004; 37(9):780-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.05.018. View

Agarwal M, Dhatt G, Safraou M . Gestational diabetes: using a portable glucometer to simplify the approach to screening. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2008; 66(3):178-83. DOI: 10.1159/000140602. View

Reichelt A, Spichler E, Branchtein L, Nucci L, Franco L, Schmidt M . Fasting plasma glucose is a useful test for the detection of gestational diabetes. Brazilian Study of Gestational Diabetes (EBDG) Working Group. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21(8):1246-9. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.8.1246. View

Scott D, Loveman E, McIntyre L, Waugh N . Screening for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2002; 6(11):1-161. DOI: 10.3310/hta6110. View

Maegawa Y, Sugiyama T, Kusaka H, Mitao M, Toyoda N . Screening tests for gestational diabetes in Japan in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003; 62(1):47-53. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(03)00146-3. View

Corrado F, DAnna R, Cannata M, Interdonato M, Pintaudi B, Di Benedetto A . Correspondence between first-trimester fasting glycaemia, and oral glucose tolerance test in gestational diabetes diagnosis. Diabetes Metab. 2012; 38(5):458-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.03.006. View

Fadl H, Ostlund I, Nilsson K, Hanson U . Fasting capillary glucose as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus. BJOG. 2006; 113(9):1067-71. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01032.x. View

10.

Rey E . Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. A simple test may make it easier to study whether screening is worthwhile. BMJ. 1999; 319(7213):798-9. PMC: 1116647. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7213.798. View

11.

Cosson E, Benbara A, Pharisien I, Nguyen M, Revaux A, Lormeau B . Diagnostic and prognostic performances over 9 years of a selective screening strategy for gestational diabetes mellitus in a cohort of 18,775 subjects. Diabetes Care. 2012; 36(3):598-603. PMC: 3579341. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1428. View

12.

Agarwal M, Weigl B, Hod M . Gestational diabetes screening: the low-cost algorithm. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 115 Suppl 1:S30-3. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7292(11)60009-X. View

13.

Duran A, Saenz S, Torrejon M, Bordiu E, Valle L, Galindo M . Introduction of IADPSG criteria for the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus results in improved pregnancy outcomes at a lower cost in a large cohort of pregnant women: the St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(9):2442-50. DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0179. View

14.

Moyer V . Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014; 160(6):414-20. DOI: 10.7326/M13-2905. View

15.

Metzger B, Lowe L, Dyer A, Trimble E, Chaovarindr U, Coustan D . Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358(19):1991-2002. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0707943. View

16.

Agarwal M, Dhatt G, Punnose J, Zayed R . Gestational diabetes: fasting and postprandial glucose as first prenatal screening tests in a high-risk population. J Reprod Med. 2007; 52(4):299-305. View

17.

. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015; 39 Suppl 1:S13-22. DOI: 10.2337/dc16-S005. View

18.

Agarwal M, Dhatt G, Othman Y . Gestational diabetes in a tertiary care hospital: implications of applying the IADPSG criteria. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012; 286(2):373-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2324-4. View

19.

Zhu W, Yang H, Wei Y, Yan J, Wang Z, Li X . Evaluation of the value of fasting plasma glucose in the first prenatal visit to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus in china. Diabetes Care. 2012; 36(3):586-90. PMC: 3579369. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1157. View

20.

Balaji V, Balaji M, Anjalakshi C, Cynthia A, Arthi T, Seshiah V . Inadequacy of fasting plasma glucose to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011; 94(1):e21-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.07.008. View