Role of Base Excision "Repair" Enzymes in Erasing Epigenetic Marks from DNA

Overview

Journal Chem Rev

Publisher American Chemical Society

Specialty Chemistry

Date 2016 Aug 9

PMID 27501078

Citations 48

Authors

Alexander C Drohat

Christopher T Coey

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Base excision repair (BER) is one of several DNA repair pathways found in all three domains of life. BER counters the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of damage that occurs continuously to the nitrogenous bases in DNA, and its critical role in maintaining genomic integrity is well established. However, BER also performs essential functions in processes other than DNA repair, where it acts on naturally modified bases in DNA. A prominent example is the central role of BER in mediating active DNA demethylation, a multistep process that erases the epigenetic mark 5-methylcytosine (5mC), and derivatives thereof, converting them back to cytosine. Herein, we review recent advances in the understanding of how BER mediates this critical component of epigenetic regulation in plants and animals.

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