Effect of Oral Contraceptive Pills on the Blood Serum Enzymes and DNA Damage in Lymphocytes Among Users

Overview

Journal Indian J Clin Biochem

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2016 Jul 7

PMID 27382200

Citations 3

Authors

Falaq Naz

Smita Jyoti

Rahul

Nishat Akhtar

Yasir Hasan Siddique

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The continuous use of synthetic hormones as contraceptive pill or hormonal replacement therapy among women is increasing day by day. The widespread use of different formulations as oral contraceptives by women throughout their reproductive cycle has given rise to a serious concern for studying the effects of oral contraceptives on enzymatic profile and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes among users. The present study was carried out on women taking oral contraceptives. The study was based on the questionnaire having the information of reproductive history, fasting, age, health, nature of menstrual cycle, bleeding and other disease. The profile of the blood serum enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aminotransferases (SGOT and SGPT), serum proteins (albumin and globulin) and DNA damage in lymphocytes was studied among users and non-users. The results of the present study suggest that OCs not only effects enzymatic activity but also results in DNA damage that may vary with the duration of using oral contraceptives. A significant increase in LDH, GGT, SGPT, SGOT, globulin and decrease in ALP as well as albumin was found among users as compared to non-users. The observed DNA damage was more in users as compared to non-users. Hormonal contraceptives seem to exert DNA damage and also have significant effects on blood serum enzymes.

Citing Articles

Assessment of liver function tests of women taking hormonal contraceptives at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital and Family Guidance Association of Gondar (FGAE), 2022; a comparative cross-sectional study.

Chane E, Wondifraw H, Hadgu R, Fasil A PLoS One. 2023; 18(8):e0289746.

PMID: 37590278 PMC: 10434896. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289746.

Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, liver function, and daily alcohol consumption in a sample of U.S. adults.

Ma X, Fisher J, VoPham T, Vasiliou V, Jones R Environ Res. 2023; 235:116651.

PMID: 37451576 PMC: 10948014. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116651.

Vitamin B6 deficiency disrupts serotonin signaling in pancreatic islets and induces gestational diabetes in mice.

Fields A, Welle K, Ho E, Mesaros C, Susiarjo M Commun Biol. 2021; 4(1):421.

PMID: 33772108 PMC: 7998034. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01900-0.

References

Grabrick D, Hartmann L, Cerhan J, Vierkant R, Therneau T, Vachon C . Risk of breast cancer with oral contraceptive use in women with a family history of breast cancer. JAMA. 2000; 284(14):1791-8. DOI: 10.1001/jama.284.14.1791. View

Roy D, Liehr J . Estrogen, DNA damage and mutations. Mutat Res. 1999; 424(1-2):107-15. DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(99)00012-3. View

Ozcagli E, Sardas S, Biri A . Assessment of DNA damage in postmenopausal women under hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas. 2005; 51(3):280-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.08.010. View

Rosenberg L, Zhang Y, Coogan P, Strom B, Palmer J . A case-control study of oral contraceptive use and incident breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2008; 169(4):473-9. PMC: 2726644. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn360. View

Seraj M, Umemoto A, Tanaka M, Kajikawa A, Hamada K, Monden Y . DNA adduct formation by hormonal steroids in vitro. Mutat Res. 1996; 370(1):49-59. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1218(96)90126-3. View

Dorn S, Bolt H, Thevis M, Diel P, Degen G . Micronucleus induction in V79 cells by the anabolic doping steroids desoxymethyltestosterone (madol) and 19-norandrostenedione. Toxicol Lett. 2008; 183(1-3):58-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.09.016. View

Tanis B, van den Bosch M, Kemmeren J, Cats V, Helmerhorst F, Algra A . Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345(25):1787-93. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa003216. View

Kapiszewska M, Kalemba M, Grzesiak A, Kocemba K . The level of endogenous DNA damage in lymphocytes isolated from blood is associated with the fluctuation of 17beta-estradiol concentration in the follicular phase of healthy young women. Acta Biochim Pol. 2005; 52(2):535-9. View

Siest G, Visvikis S, Herbeth B, Gueguen R, Vincent-Viry M, Sass C . Objectives, design and recruitment of a familial and longitudinal cohort for studying gene-environment interactions in the field of cardiovascular risk: the Stanislas cohort. Clin Chem Lab Med. 1998; 36(1):35-42. DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.1998.007. View

10.

Palan P, Strube F, Letko J, Sadikovic A, Mikhail M . Effects of oral, vaginal, and transdermal hormonal contraception on serum levels of coenzyme q(10), vitamin e, and total antioxidant activity. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2010; 2010. PMC: 2929620. DOI: 10.1155/2010/925635. View

11.

Schulte-Hermann R, Timmermann-Trosiener I, Schuppler J . Promotion of spontaneous preneoplastic cells in rat liver as a possible explanation of tumor production by nonmutagenic compounds. Cancer Res. 1983; 43(2):839-44. View

12.

Moore J, Monson J, Kaltsas G, Putignano P, Wood P, Sheppard M . Modulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes by growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 84(11):4172-7. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.11.6108. View

13.

Schiele F, Vincent-Viry M, Fournier B, Starck M, Siest G . Biological effects of eleven combined oral contraceptives on serum triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and other biochemical variables. Clin Chem Lab Med. 1999; 36(11):871-8. DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.1998.153. View

14.

Rosalki S . Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Adv Clin Chem. 1975; 17:53-107. DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60248-6. View

15.

Siddique Y, Afzal M . Evaluation of genotoxic potential of synthetic progestin chlormadinone acetate. Toxicol Lett. 2004; 153(2):221-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.03.026. View

16.

Smith T, Miller M, Lohman K, Case L, Hu J . DNA damage and breast cancer risk. Carcinogenesis. 2003; 24(5):883-9. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgg037. View

17.

Bajpayee M, Pandey A, Parmar D, Mathur N, Seth P, Dhawan A . Comet assay responses in human lymphocytes are not influenced by the menstrual cycle: a study in healthy Indian females. Mutat Res. 2005; 565(2):163-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.10.008. View

18.

Stanford J, Brinton L, Hoover R . Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: results from an expanded case-control study. Br J Cancer. 1989; 60(3):375-81. PMC: 2247191. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1989.288. View

19.

Franconi F, Campesi I . Pharmacogenomics, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: interaction with biological differences between men and women. Br J Pharmacol. 2013; 171(3):580-94. PMC: 3969074. DOI: 10.1111/bph.12362. View

20.

Petitti D . Clinical practice. Combination estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349(15):1443-50. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp030751. View