Emerging Hepatic Syndromes: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Overview

Journal Intern Emerg Med

Publisher Springer

Specialties Emergency Medicine
General Medicine

Date 2016 Jun 9

PMID 27273018

Citations 1

Authors

Gaetano Bertino

Graziella Privitera

Francesco Purrello

Shirin Demma

Emanuele Crisafulli

Luisa Spadaro

Nikolaos Koukias

Emmanuel A Tsochatzis

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly due to complications of portal hypertension. In this article, we review the current understanding on the pathophysiology, the diagnostic criteria and the available therapeutic options for patients with emerging hepatic syndromes in cirrhosis, namely the hepatorenal, hepato-adrenal and hepatopulmonary syndrome. The hepatorenal syndrome is a well-recognized complication of advanced cirrhosis and is usually associated with an accelerated course to death unless liver transplantation is performed. The hepatopulmonary syndrome is often missed in the evaluation of patients with cirrhosis; however, early recognition is essential for the efficient management of individual patients. The hepato-adrenal syndrome, although not fully characterized, offers an exciting field for research and potential therapeutic interventions.

Citing Articles

Liver Kidney Crosstalk: Hepatorenal Syndrome.

Nassar M, Nso N, Medina L, Ghernautan V, Novikov A, El-Ijla A World J Hepatol. 2021; 13(9):1058-1068.

PMID: 34630874 PMC: 8473490. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i9.1058.

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