Activation of Factor IX by the Reaction Product of Tissue Factor and Factor VII: Additional Pathway for Initiating Blood Coagulation

Overview

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Specialty Science

Date 1977 Dec 1

PMID 271951

Citations 125

Authors

B Osterud

S I RAPAPORT

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

A study was carried out on mechanisms, independent of activated Factor XI, capable of activating Factor IX. The reaction product of tissue factor and Factor VII functioned as a potent Factor IX activator in the assay system used. Activated Factor IX itself activated Factor X; thrombin failed to activate Factor IX. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that the reaction product of tissue factor and Factor VII activated Factor IX, with replacement of the band corresponding to native factor IX [molecular weight (Mr) 55,000] by bands corresponding to the heavy chain (Mr 27,000) and light chain (Mr 17,000) of activated Factor IX. When either Factor VII or calcium ions were left out of incubation mixtures, the band of native Factor IX persisted unchanged. Contact of blood with tissue factor represents a second mechanism, bypassing activated Factor XI, for the activation of Factor IX during hemostasis. It may help to explain the discrepancy between the mild bleeding of hereditary Factor XI deficiency and the severe bleeding of hereditary Factor IX deficiency.

Citing Articles

Back to basics: the coagulation pathway.

Park S, Park J Blood Res. 2024; 59(1):35.

PMID: 39466528 PMC: 11519239. DOI: 10.1007/s44313-024-00040-8.

Blood coagulation factor IX: structural insights impacting hemophilia B therapy.

Bos M, van Diest R, Monroe D Blood. 2024; 144(21):2198-2210.

PMID: 38996207 PMC: 11600082. DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023276.

Plasma kallikrein supports FXII-independent thrombin generation in mouse whole blood.

Wan J, Dhrolia S, Kasthuri R, Prokopenko Y, Ilich A, Saha P Blood Adv. 2024; 8(12):3045-3057.

PMID: 38593231 PMC: 11215197. DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012613.

Impact of tissue factor expression and administration routes on thrombosis development induced by mesenchymal stem/stromal cell infusions: re-evaluating the dogma.

Hoang V, Le D, Hoang D, Phan T, Ngo L, Nguyen T Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024; 15(1):56.

PMID: 38414067 PMC: 10900728. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03582-3.

Proteomics reveals specific biological changes induced by the normothermic machine perfusion of donor kidneys with a significant up-regulation of Latexin.

Zaza G, Neri F, Bruschi M, Granata S, Petretto A, Bartolucci M Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):5920.

PMID: 37041202 PMC: 10090051. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33194-z.

References

RAPAPORT S, SCHIFFMAN S, PATCH M, AMES S . The importance of activation of antihemophilic globulin and proaccelerin by traces of thrombin in the generation of intrinsic prothrombinase activity. Blood. 1963; 21:221-36. View

BELL W, ALTON H . A brain extract as a substitute for platelet suspensions in the thromboplastin generation test. Nature. 1954; 174(4436):880-1. DOI: 10.1038/174880a0. View

LOWRY O, ROSEBROUGH N, FARR A, RANDALL R . Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951; 193(1):265-75. View

Kasper C, Osterud B, Minami J, Shonick W, RAPAPORT S . Hemophilia B: characterization of genetic variants and detection of carriers. Blood. 1977; 50(3):351-66. View

Osterud B, RAPAPORT S, Lavine K . Factor V activity of platelets: evidence for an activated factor V molecule and for a platelet activator. Blood. 1977; 49(5):819-34. View

Orstavik K, Osterud B, Prydz H, Berg K . Electroimmunoassay of factor IX in hemophilia B. Thromb Res. 1975; 7(3):373-82. DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(75)90031-6. View

Osterud B, SCHIFFMAN S . Gel filtration properties of factors II, VII, IX, IX a , and X. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1972; 28(2):317-24. View

Fujikawa K, Legaz M, Kato H, Davie E . The mechanism of activation of bovine factor IX (Christmas factor) by bovine factor XIa (activated plasma thromboplastin antecedent). Biochemistry. 1974; 13(22):4508-16. DOI: 10.1021/bi00719a006. View

Fujikawa K, Thompson A, Legaz M, Meyer R, Davie E . Isolation and characterization of bovine factor IX (Christmas factor). Biochemistry. 1973; 12(24):4938-45. DOI: 10.1021/bi00748a019. View

10.

Osterud B, Berre A, Otnaess A, Bjorklid E, Prydz H . Activation of the coagulation factor VII by tissue thromboplastin and calcium. Biochemistry. 1972; 11(15):2853-7. DOI: 10.1021/bi00765a018. View

11.

Osterud B, Flengsrud R . Purification and some characteristics of the coagulation factor IX from human plasma. Biochem J. 1975; 145(3):469-74. PMC: 1165246. DOI: 10.1042/bj1450469. View

12.

KALOUSEK F, Konigsberg W, Nemerson Y . Activation of factor IX by activated factor X: a link between the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation systems. FEBS Lett. 1975; 50(3):382-5. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80533-3. View

13.

Thompson A, Davie E . Affinity chromatography of thrombin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971; 250(1):210-5. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(71)90136-7. View

14.

SCHIFFMAN S, Theodor I, RAPAPORT S . Separation from Russell's viper venom of one fraction reacting with factor X and another reacting with factor V. Biochemistry. 1969; 8(4):1397-405. DOI: 10.1021/bi00832a014. View

15.

RAPAPORT S, Hjort P, PATCH M, Jeremic M . Consumption of serum factors and prothrombin during intravascular clotting in rabbits. Scand J Haematol. 1966; 3(1):59-75. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1966.tb00626.x. View

16.

JOSSO F, PROU-WARTELLE O . Interaction of tissue factor and factor VII at the earliest phase of coagulation. Thromb Diath Haemorrh Suppl. 1965; 17:35-44. View