Hepatitis C Virus/human T Lymphotropic Virus 1/2 Co-infection: Regional Burden and Virological Outcomes in People Who Inject Drugs

Overview

Journal World J Virol

Publisher Baishideng Publishing Group

Date 2016 May 14

PMID 27175351

Citations 10

Authors

Erika Castro

Elena Roger

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This review analyses current data concerning co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1/2 in people who inject drugs (PWID), with a particular focus on disease burden and global implications for virological outcome. In addition, the available treatment options for HTLV-1/2 are summarized and the ongoing and likely future research challenges are discussed. The data in this review was obtained from 34 articles on HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infection in PWID retrieved from the PubMed literature database and published between 1997 and 2015. Despite unavailable estimates of the burden of HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infection in general, the epidemiologic constellation of HTLV-1/2 shows high incidence in PWID with history of migration, incarceration, and other blood-borne infectious diseases such as HCV or human immunodeficiency virus. The most recent research data strongly suggest that HTLV-1 co-infection can influence HCV viral load, HCV sustained virological response to α-interferon treatment, and HCV-related liver disease progression. In short, outcome of HCV infection is worse in the context of HTLV-1 co-infection, yet more studies are needed to gain accurate estimations of the burden of HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infections. Moreover, in the current era of new direct-acting antiviral treatments for HCV and proven HTLV-1/2 treatment options, prospective clinical and treatment studies should be carried out, with particular focus on the PWID patient population, with the aim of improving virological outcomes.

Citing Articles

HTLV-2 Enhances CD8 T Cell-Mediated HIV-1 Inhibition and Reduces HIV-1 Integrated Proviral Load in People Living with HIV-1.

Abad-Fernandez M, Hernandez-Walias F, Ruiz de Leon M, Vivancos M, Perez-Elias M, Moreno A Viruses. 2022; 14(11).

PMID: 36366570 PMC: 9695633. DOI: 10.3390/v14112472.

Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study.

Caterino-de-Araujo A, Campos K, Oliveira L, Rigato P Viruses. 2022; 14(9).

PMID: 36146762 PMC: 9501613. DOI: 10.3390/v14091955.

HTLV-1 and Co-infections.

Rosadas C, Taylor G Front Med (Lausanne). 2022; 9:812016.

PMID: 35187000 PMC: 8850362. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.812016.

The reasons to include the serology of human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in the clinical follow-up of patients with viral hepatitis B and C in Brazil.

Campos K, Alves F, Lemos M, Moreira R, Marcusso R, Caterino-de-Araujo A PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020; 14(5):e0008245.

PMID: 32453768 PMC: 7274452. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008245.

Neurological Aspects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 Coinfection.

Araujo A Pathogens. 2020; 9(4).

PMID: 32231144 PMC: 7238008. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040250.

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