Canine Vector-borne Pathogens in Semi-domesticated Dogs Residing in Northern Cambodia

Overview

Journal Parasit Vectors

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Parasitology
Tropical Medicine

Date 2016 May 11

PMID 27161452

Citations 34

Authors

Tawin Inpankaew

Sze Fui Hii

Wissanuwat Chimnoi

Rebecca J Traub

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: In Southeast Asia, the canine vector-borne pathogens Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, haemotropic mycoplasmas and Dirofilaria immitis cause significant morbidity and mortality in dogs. Moreover, dogs have also been implicated as natural reservoirs for Rickettsia felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever, increasingly implicated as a cause of undifferentiated fever in humans in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of canine vector-borne pathogens in 101 semi-domesticated dogs from rural Cambodia using molecular diagnostic techniques.

Results: The most common canine vector-borne pathogens found infecting dogs in this study were Babesia vogeli (32.7 %) followed by Ehrlichia canis (21.8 %), Dirofilaria immitis (15.8 %), Hepatozoon canis (10.9 %), Mycoplasma haemocanis (9.9 %) and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum" (2.9 %). A high level of co-infection with CVBD agents (23.8 %) was present, most commonly B. vogeli and E. canis. Naturally occurring R. felis infection was also detected in 10.9 % of dogs in support of their role as a natural mammalian reservoir for flea-borne spotted fever in humans.

Conclusions: This study reports for the first time, the prevalence and diversity of CVBD pathogens in dogs in Cambodia. In total, five species of CVBD pathogens were found infecting semi-domesticated dogs and many were co-infected with two or more pathogens. This study supports the role of dogs as natural mammalian reservoirs for R. felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever in humans.

Citing Articles

Molecular detection of Rickettsia species in ectoparasites collected from two southern provinces of Cambodia.

Prasetyo D, Fiorenzano J, Nop D, Noch N, Huot B, Mom S PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024; 18(9):e0012544.

PMID: 39348408 PMC: 11476676. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012544.

The detection of zoonotic microorganisms in (brown dog ticks) from Vietnam and the frequency of tick infestations in owned dogs.

Do T, Bui L, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Inpankaew T, Hasan T, Zafar I Front Vet Sci. 2024; 11:1435441.

PMID: 39188899 PMC: 11346341. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1435441.

Ingrained: Rice farming and the risk of zoonotic spillover, examples from Cambodia.

Sievers B, Hyder S, Claes F, Karlsson E One Health. 2024; 18:100696.

PMID: 39010950 PMC: 11247301. DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100696.

Challenges for ticks and tick-borne diseases research in Southeast Asia: Insight from the first international symposium in Cambodia.

Yean S, Prasetyo D, Marcombe S, Hadi U, Kazim A, Tiawsirisup S PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024; 18(7):e0012269.

PMID: 38985826 PMC: 11236135. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012269.

Molecular Survey and Genetic Characteristics of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Domestic Dogs from Four Regions of China.

Yin F, Guo C, Li D, Tian Z, Li F Animals (Basel). 2023; 13(11).

PMID: 37889788 PMC: 10251890. DOI: 10.3390/ani13111867.

References

Rishniw M, Barr S, Simpson K, Frongillo M, Franz M, Dominguez Alpizar J . Discrimination between six species of canine microfilariae by a single polymerase chain reaction. Vet Parasitol. 2005; 135(3-4):303-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.013. View

Fukumoto S, Suzuki H, Igarashi I, Xuan X . Fatal experimental transplacental Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs. Int J Parasitol. 2005; 35(9):1031-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.03.018. View

Pinyoowong D, Jittapalapong S, Suksawat F, Stich R, Thamchaipenet A . Molecular characterization of Thai Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys strains detected in dogs. Infect Genet Evol. 2007; 8(4):433-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2007.06.002. View

McCall J, Genchi C, Kramer L, Guerrero J, Venco L . Heartworm disease in animals and humans. Adv Parasitol. 2008; 66:193-285. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(08)00204-2. View

Paris D, Blacksell S, Stenos J, Graves S, Unsworth N, Phetsouvanh R . Real-time multiplex PCR assay for detection and differentiation of rickettsiae and orientiae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007; 102(2):186-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.11.001. View

Boonyapakorn C, Srikitjakarn L, Morakote N, Hoerchner F . The epidemiology of Dirofilaria immitis infection in outpatient dogs at Chiang Mai University Small Animal Hospital, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2008; 39(1):33-8. View

Duscher G, Peschke R, Wille-Piazzai W, Joachim A . Parasites on paper--The use of FTA Elute((R)) for the detection of Dirofilaria repens microfilariae in canine blood. Vet Parasitol. 2009; 161(3-4):349-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.01.007. View

Zavala-Castro J, Zavala-Velazquez J, Walker D, Perez-Osorio J, Peniche-Lara G . Severe human infection with Rickettsia felis associated with hepatitis in Yucatan, Mexico. Int J Med Microbiol. 2009; 299(7):529-33. PMC: 4189836. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2009.03.002. View

Changbunjong T, Buddhirongawatr R, Suwanpakdee S, Siengsanan J, Yongyuttawichai P, Cheewajorn K . A survey of ectoparasitic arthropods on domestic animals in Tak Province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2009; 40(3):435-42. View

10.

Song K, Park J, Lee D, Lee S, Shin H . Serological update and molecular characterization of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs, South Korea. Res Vet Sci. 2009; 88(3):467-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.10.007. View

11.

Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Sokhna C, Tall A, Diatta G, Bassene H . Rickettsia felis-associated uneruptive fever, Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16(7):1140-2. PMC: 3321914. DOI: 10.3201/eid1607.100070. View

12.

Lindblom A, Severinson K, Nilsson K . Rickettsia felis infection in Sweden: report of two cases with subacute meningitis and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis. 2010; 42(11-12):906-9. DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2010.508466. View

13.

Williams M, Izzard L, Graves S, Stenos J, Kelly J . First probable Australian cases of human infection with Rickettsia felis (cat-flea typhus). Med J Aust. 2011; 194(1):41-3. DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb04145.x. View

14.

Hii S, Kopp S, Abdad M, Thompson M, OLeary C, Rees R . Molecular evidence supports the role of dogs as potential reservoirs for Rickettsia felis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011; 11(8):1007-12. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0270. View

15.

Foongladda S, Inthawong D, Kositanont U, Gaywee J . Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Bartonella in ticks and fleas from dogs and cats in Bangkok. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011; 11(10):1335-41. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0174. View

16.

Hii S, Kopp S, Thompson M, OLeary C, Rees R, Traub R . Molecular evidence of Rickettsia felis infection in dogs from Northern Territory, Australia. Parasit Vectors. 2011; 4:198. PMC: 3214141. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-198. View

17.

Hou H, Shen G, Wu W, Gong P, Liu Q, You J . Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Dandong, China. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 183(1-2):189-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.016. View

18.

Kernif T, Socolovschi C, Wells K, Lakim M, Inthalad S, Slesak G . Bartonella and Rickettsia in arthropods from the Lao PDR and from Borneo, Malaysia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011; 35(1):51-7. PMC: 3405514. DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.10.003. View

19.

Kasper M, Blair P, Touch S, Sokhal B, Yasuda C, Williams M . Infectious etiologies of acute febrile illness among patients seeking health care in south-central Cambodia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012; 86(2):246-253. PMC: 3269275. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0409. View

20.

Maina A, Knobel D, Jiang J, Halliday J, Feikin D, Cleaveland S . Rickettsia felis infection in febrile patients, western Kenya, 2007-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012; 18(2):328-31. PMC: 3310467. DOI: 10.3201/eid1802.111372. View