Establishing an Accurate Gas Phase Reference Frequency to Quantify Xe Chemical Shifts in Vivo

Overview

Journal Magn Reson Med

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Radiology

Date 2016 Apr 10

PMID 27059646

Citations 8

Authors

Rohan S Virgincar

Scott H Robertson

John Nouls

Simone Degan

Geoffry M Schrank

Mu He

Bastiaan Driehuys

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: Xe interacts with biological media to exhibit chemical shifts exceeding 200 ppm that report on physiology and pathology. Extracting this functional information requires shifts to be measured precisely. Historically, shifts have been reported relative to the gas-phase resonance originating from pulmonary airspaces. However, this frequency is not fixed-it is affected by bulk magnetic susceptibility, as well as Xe-N , Xe-Xe, and Xe-O interactions. In this study, we addressed this by introducing a robust method to determine the 0 ppm Xe reference from in vivo data.

Methods: Respiratory-gated hyperpolarized Xe spectra from the gas- and dissolved-phases were acquired in four mice at 2T from multiple axial slices within the thoracic cavity. Complex spectra were then fitted in the time domain to identify peaks.

Results: Gas-phase Xe exhibited two distinct resonances corresponding to Xe in conducting airways (varying from -0.6 ± 0.2 to 1.3 ± 0.3 ppm) and alveoli (relatively stable, at -2.2 ± 0.1 ppm). Dissolved-phase Xe exhibited five reproducible resonances in the thorax at 198.4 ± 0.4, 195.5 ± 0.4, 193.9 ± 0.2, 191.3 ± 0.2, and 190.7 ± 0.3 ppm.

Conclusion: The alveolar Xe resonance exhibits a stable frequency across all mice. Therefore, it can provide a reliable in vivo reference frequency by which to characterize other spectroscopic shifts. Magn Reson Med 77:1438-1445, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Citing Articles

Regional variations in hyperpolarized 129Xe lung MRI: Insights from CSI-CSSR and CSSR in healthy and irradiated rat models.

Ruppert K, Loza L, Hamedani H, Ismail M, Chen J, Duncan I Magn Reson Med. 2024; 93(3):902-915.

PMID: 39503293 PMC: 11682931. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30313.

Gas exchange and ventilation imaging of healthy and COPD subjects using hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI and a 3D alveolar gas-exchange model.

Doganay O, Kim M, Gleeson F Eur Radiol. 2022; 33(5):3322-3331.

PMID: 36547671 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09343-9.

In vivo methods and applications of xenon-129 magnetic resonance.

Marshall H, Stewart N, Chan H, Rao M, Norquay G, Wild J Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 2021; 122:42-62.

PMID: 33632417 PMC: 7933823. DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.11.002.

Quantitative Xe MRI detects early impairment of gas-exchange in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension.

Virgincar R, Nouls J, Wang Z, Degan S, Qi Y, Xiong X Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):7385.

PMID: 32355256 PMC: 7193602. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64361-1.

A thermally polarized Xe phantom for quality assurance in multi-center hyperpolarized gas MRI studies.

Bier E, Nouls J, Wang Z, He M, Schrank G, Morales-Medina N Magn Reson Med. 2019; 82(5):1961-1968.

PMID: 31218753 PMC: 6660390. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27836.

References

Driehuys B, Cofer G, Pollaro J, Mackel J, Hedlund L, Johnson G . Imaging alveolar-capillary gas transfer using hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006; 103(48):18278-83. PMC: 1838742. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608458103. View

Goodson B . Nuclear magnetic resonance of laser-polarized noble gases in molecules, materials, and organisms. J Magn Reson. 2002; 155(2):157-216. DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2001.2341. View

Chu S, Xu Y, Balschi J, Springer Jr C . Bulk magnetic susceptibility shifts in NMR studies of compartmentalized samples: use of paramagnetic reagents. Magn Reson Med. 1990; 13(2):239-62. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910130207. View

Albert M, Cates G, Driehuys B, Happer W, Saam B, Springer Jr C . Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129Xe. Nature. 1994; 370(6486):199-201. DOI: 10.1038/370199a0. View

Freeman M, Cleveland Z, Qi Y, Driehuys B . Enabling hyperpolarized (129) Xe MR spectroscopy and imaging of pulmonary gas transfer to the red blood cells in transgenic mice expressing human hemoglobin. Magn Reson Med. 2013; 70(5):1192-9. PMC: 4011488. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24915. View

Branca R, He T, Zhang L, Floyd C, Freeman M, White C . Detection of brown adipose tissue and thermogenic activity in mice by hyperpolarized xenon MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014; 111(50):18001-6. PMC: 4273360. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403697111. View

Boutin C, Desvaux H, Carriere M, Leteurtre F, Jamin N, Boulard Y . Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR signature of living biological cells. NMR Biomed. 2012; 24(10):1264-9. DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1686. View

Chen X, Moller H, Chawla M, Cofer G, Driehuys B, Hedlund L . Spatially resolved measurements of hyperpolarized gas properties in the lung in vivo. Part II: T *(2). Magn Reson Med. 1999; 42(4):729-37. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199910)42:4<729::aid-mrm15>3.0.co;2-2. View

Xu X, Norquay G, Parnell S, Deppe M, Ajraoui S, Hashoian R . Hyperpolarized 129Xe gas lung MRI-SNR and T2* comparisons at 1.5 T and 3 T. Magn Reson Med. 2012; 68(6):1900-4. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24190. View

10.

Kilian W, Seifert F, Rinneberg H . Dynamic NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarized (129)Xe in human brain analyzed by an uptake model. Magn Reson Med. 2004; 51(4):843-7. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10726. View

11.

Wolber J, Cherubini A, Leach M, Bifone A . Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR as a probe for blood oxygenation. Magn Reson Med. 2000; 43(4):491-6. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(200004)43:4<491::aid-mrm1>3.0.co;2-6. View

12.

Norquay G, Leung G, Stewart N, Tozer G, Wolber J, Wild J . Relaxation and exchange dynamics of hyperpolarized 129Xe in human blood. Magn Reson Med. 2014; 74(2):303-11. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25417. View

13.

Cleveland Z, Cofer G, Metz G, Beaver D, Nouls J, Kaushik S . Hyperpolarized Xe MR imaging of alveolar gas uptake in humans. PLoS One. 2010; 5(8):e12192. PMC: 2922382. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012192. View

14.

Mugler 3rd J, Driehuys B, Brookeman J, Cates G, Berr S, Bryant R . MR imaging and spectroscopy using hyperpolarized 129Xe gas: preliminary human results. Magn Reson Med. 1997; 37(6):809-15. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910370602. View

15.

Bifone A, Song Y, Seydoux R, Taylor R, Goodson B, Pietrass T . NMR of laser-polarized xenon in human blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93(23):12932-6. PMC: 24023. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.12932. View

16.

Imai H, Kimura A, Fujiwara H . Small animal imaging with hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance. Anal Sci. 2014; 30(1):157-66. DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.157. View

17.

Swanson S, Rosen M, Agranoff B, Coulter K, Welsh R, Chupp T . Brain MRI with laser-polarized 129Xe. Magn Reson Med. 1997; 38(5):695-8. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910380503. View

18.

Swanson S, Rosen M, Coulter K, Welsh R, Chupp T . Distribution and dynamics of laser-polarized (129)Xe magnetization in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 1999; 42(6):1137-45. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199912)42:6<1137::aid-mrm19>3.0.co;2-4. View

19.

Narazaki M, Kimura A, Wakayama T, Imai H, Fujiwara H . Origin of dissolved-phase hyperpolarized 129Xe signal in the mouse chest based on experimental evidence from extensive magnetic resonance measurements. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2011; 10(3):149-54. DOI: 10.2463/mrms.10.149. View

20.

Miller K, Reo N, Schoot Uiterkamp A, Stengle D, Stengle T, Williamson K . Xenon NMR: chemical shifts of a general anesthetic in common solvents, proteins, and membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981; 78(8):4946-9. PMC: 320304. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.8.4946. View