Atheroprotective Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid

Overview

Journal Br J Clin Pharmacol

Specialty Pharmacology

Date 2016 Apr 3

PMID 27037767

Citations 25

Authors

Robyn Bruen

Stephen Fitzsimons

Orina Belton

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart attack and strokes, is a progressive dyslipidaemic and inflammatory disease where monocyte-derived macrophage cells play a pivotal role. Although most of the mechanisms that contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis have been identified, there is limited information on those governing regression. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a generic term denoting a group of naturally occurring isomers of linoleic acid (18:2, n6) that differ in the position or geometry (i.e. cis or trans) of their double bonds. The most predominant isomers in ruminant fats are cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9,t11-CLA), which accounts for more than 80% of CLA isomers in dairy products and trans-10, cis-12 CLA (t10,c12-CLA). Dietary administration of a blend of the two most abundant isomers of CLA has been shown to inhibit the progression and induce the regression of pre-established atherosclerosis. Studies investigating the mechanisms involved in CLA-induced atheroprotective effects are continually emerging. The purpose of this review is to discuss comprehensively the effects of CLA on monocyte/macrophage function in atherosclerosis and to identify possible mechanisms through which CLA mediates its atheroprotective effects.

Citing Articles

A global analysis of dairy consumption and incident cardiovascular disease.

Zhuang P, Liu X, Li Y, Ao Y, Wu Y, Ye H Nat Commun. 2025; 16(1):437.

PMID: 39762253 PMC: 11704150. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-55585-0.

A dietary intervention with conjugated linoleic acid enhances microstructural white matter reorganization in experimental stroke.

Straeten F, Strecker J, Borsch A, Maus B, Hoppen M, Schmeddes B Front Neurol. 2024; 15:1341958.

PMID: 39372701 PMC: 11449868. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1341958.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids promote M2-like TAM deposition via dampening RhoA-YAP1 signaling in the ovarian cancer microenvironment.

Wang H, Yung M, Xuan Y, Chen F, Chan W, Siu M Exp Hematol Oncol. 2024; 13(1):90.

PMID: 39198883 PMC: 11360340. DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00558-8.

Healthy Effects of Milk and Dairy Product Consumption in the Mediterranean Area and Japan.

Jirillo F Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2024; 24(15):1813-1822.

PMID: 38994611 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303289711240703080701.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates High Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance via Regulating Gut Microbiota-Host Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Interactions.

Wu L, Ye S, Deng X, Fu Z, Li J, Yang C Nutrients. 2024; 16(8).

PMID: 38674824 PMC: 11053735. DOI: 10.3390/nu16081133.

References

Galkina E, Ley K . Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis (*). Annu Rev Immunol. 2009; 27:165-97. PMC: 2734407. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132620. View

Gerszten R, Mach F, Sauty A, Rosenzweig A, Luster A . Chemokines, leukocytes, and atherosclerosis. J Lab Clin Med. 2000; 136(2):87-92. DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2000.108154. View

Moya-Camarena S, Vanden Heuvel J, Blanchard S, Leesnitzer L, Belury M . Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARalpha. J Lipid Res. 1999; 40(8):1426-33. View

Arbones-Mainar J, Navarro M, Guzman M, Arnal C, Surra J, Acin S . Selective effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis. 2006; 189(2):318-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.015. View

Al-Mamari A . Atherosclerosis and physical activity. Oman Med J. 2012; 24(3):173-8. PMC: 3251175. DOI: 10.5001/omj.2009.34. View

Gordon D, Probstfield J, Garrison R, Neaton J, CASTELLI W, Knoke J . High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation. 1989; 79(1):8-15. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.79.1.8. View

Clinton S, Underwood R, Hayes L, Sherman M, Kufe D, Libby P . Macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression in vascular cells and in experimental and human atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol. 1992; 140(2):301-16. PMC: 1886415. View

Larsson S, Bergkvist L, Wolk A . High-fat dairy food and conjugated linoleic acid intakes in relation to colorectal cancer incidence in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82(4):894-900. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/82.4.894. View

Wallace R, McKain N, Shingfield K, Devillard E . Isomers of conjugated linoleic acids are synthesized via different mechanisms in ruminal digesta and bacteria. J Lipid Res. 2007; 48(10):2247-54. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M700271-JLR200. View

10.

Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J . Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is required for regulatory CD4+ T cell-mediated protection against colitis. J Immunol. 2007; 178(5):2940-9. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.2940. View

11.

Malik S, Wong N, Franklin S, Kamath T, LItalien G, Pio J . Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation. 2004; 110(10):1245-50. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000140677.20606.0E. View

12.

Stewart C, Stuart L, Wilkinson K, van Gils J, Deng J, Halle A . CD36 ligands promote sterile inflammation through assembly of a Toll-like receptor 4 and 6 heterodimer. Nat Immunol. 2009; 11(2):155-61. PMC: 2809046. DOI: 10.1038/ni.1836. View

13.

Prieur X, Roszer T, Ricote M . Lipotoxicity in macrophages: evidence from diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009; 1801(3):327-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.09.017. View

14.

Beekhuizen H, Van Furth R . Monocyte adherence to human vascular endothelium. J Leukoc Biol. 1993; 54(4):363-78. View

15.

Adamson S, Leitinger N . Phenotypic modulation of macrophages in response to plaque lipids. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2011; 22(5):335-42. PMC: 3979355. DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834a97e4. View

16.

Riserus U, Vessby B, Arnlov J, Basu S . Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80(2):279-83. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.2.279. View

17.

Nelken N, Coughlin S, Gordon D, Wilcox J . Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human atheromatous plaques. J Clin Invest. 1991; 88(4):1121-7. PMC: 295565. DOI: 10.1172/JCI115411. View

18.

de Gaetano M, Alghamdi K, Marcone S, Belton O . Conjugated linoleic acid induces an atheroprotective macrophage MΦ2 phenotype and limits foam cell formation. J Inflamm (Lond). 2015; 12:15. PMC: 4340802. DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0060-9. View

19.

Williams H, Fisher E, Greaves D . Macrophage differentiation and function in atherosclerosis: opportunities for therapeutic intervention?. J Innate Immun. 2012; 4(5-6):498-508. PMC: 3598573. DOI: 10.1159/000336618. View

20.

Ecker J, Liebisch G, Patsch W, Schmitz G . The conjugated linoleic acid isomer trans-9,trans-11 is a dietary occurring agonist of liver X receptor alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009; 388(4):660-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.048. View