Urolithiasis in Children: Current Medical Management

Overview

Journal Pediatr Nephrol

Specialties Nephrology
Pediatrics

Date 1989 Jul 1

PMID 2702115

Citations 8

Authors

J Laufer

H Boichis

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The mechanism of stone formation in the urinary tract is reviewed. Diet, urinary tract infection and metabolic disorders account for the different epidemiological patterns of stone formation. The diagnosis and management of renal tract calculi are discussed. Calcium stones are associated with hypercalciuria, urine acidification defects, the use of furosemide in premature babies, hypercalcaemia, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, an alkaline urine and hypocitraturia. Uric acid stones occur in acid urine, from increased purine synthesis with lympho- or myeloproliferative disorders or from several inborn errors of purine metabolism which can also cause xanthine or dihydroxyadenine stones. Cystinuria, inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder is best treated with a low sodium diet, a fluid intake exceeding 40 ml/kg per day maintaining urine pH between 7.5 and 8 and, if necessary, with oral penicillamine. Oxalate stones occur in relation to diet, bowel disease and primary inherited defects in oxalate metabolism. Urinary tract infection causing struvite and carbonate apatite formation is the commonest cause of stones in Europe.

Citing Articles

Nephrolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis in Childhood-Risk Factor-Related Current and Future Treatment Options.

Weigert A, Hoppe B Front Pediatr. 2018; 6:98.

PMID: 29707529 PMC: 5906718. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00098.

Assessment of crystallization risk formulas in pediatric calcium stone-formers.

Sikora P, Zajaczkowska M, Hoppe B Pediatr Nephrol. 2009; 24(10):1997-2003.

PMID: 19333626 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1167-0.

Hypercalciuria is the main renal abnormality finding in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected children in Venezuela.

Gonzalez C, Ariceta G, Langman C, Zibaoui P, Escalona L, Dominguez L Eur J Pediatr. 2007; 167(5):509-15.

PMID: 17593389 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-007-0538-4.

Idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with urinary tract infection in children.

Stojanovic V, Milosevic B, Djapic M, Bubalo J Pediatr Nephrol. 2007; 22(9):1291-5.

PMID: 17541648 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-007-0519-x.

Urinary oxalate excretion in urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis.

Neuhaus T, Belzer T, Blau N, Hoppe B, Sidhu H, Leumann E Arch Dis Child. 2000; 82(4):322-6.

PMID: 10735843 PMC: 1718279. DOI: 10.1136/adc.82.4.322.

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