Effects of Intratracheally Instilled Laser Printer-emitted Engineered Nanoparticles in a Mouse Model: A Case Study of Toxicological Implications from Nanomaterials Released During Consumer Use

Overview

Journal NanoImpact

Specialties Biotechnology
Toxicology

Date 2016 Mar 19

PMID 26989787

Citations 28

Authors

Sandra V Pirela

Xiaoyan Lu

Isabelle Miousse

Jennifer D Sisler

Yong Qian

Nancy Guo

Igor Koturbash

Vincent Castranova

Treye Thomas

John Godleski

Philip Demokritou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Incorporation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into toners used in laser printers has led to countless quality and performance improvements. However, the release of ENMs during printing (consumer use) has raised concerns about their potential adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to use "real world" printer-emitted particles (PEPs), rather than raw toner powder, and assess the pulmonary responses following exposure by intratracheal instillation. Nine-week old male mice were exposed to various doses of PEPs (0.5, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight) by intratracheal instillation. These exposure doses are comparable to real world human inhalation exposures ranging from 13.7 to 141.9 h of printing. Toxicological parameters reflecting distinct mechanisms of action were evaluated, including lung membrane integrity, inflammation and regulation of DNA methylation patterns. Results from this in vivo toxicological analysis showed that while intratracheal instillation of PEPs caused no changes in the lung membrane integrity, there was a pulmonary immune response, indicated by an elevation in neutrophil and macrophage percentage over the vehicle control and low dose PEPs groups. Additionally, exposure to PEPs upregulated expression of the (), and genes in the murine lung tissue and modified components of the DNA methylation machinery () and expression of transposable element (TE) LINE-1 compared to the control group. These genes are involved in both the repair process from oxidative damage and the initiation of immune responses to foreign pathogens. The results are in agreement with findings from previous in vitro cellular studies and suggest that PEPs may cause immune responses in addition to modifications in gene expression in the murine lung at doses that can be comparable to real world exposure scenarios, thereby raising concerns of deleterious health effects.

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