Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: a Possible Link Between Gut Microbiota and Coronary Artery Disease

Overview

Journal J Atheroscler Thromb

Date 2016 Mar 8

PMID 26947598

Citations 142

Authors

Takuo Emoto

Tomoya Yamashita

Naoto Sasaki

Yushi Hirota

Tomohiro Hayashi

Anna So

Kazuyuki Kasahara

Keiko Yodoi

Takuya Matsumoto

Taiji Mizoguchi

Wataru Ogawa

Ken-Ichi Hirata

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: Recent studies have suggested that metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with gut microbiota. The association between atherosclerosis and gut microbiota has also been attracting increased attention. Our aim was to specify a characteristic trend of gut microbiota in coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: This study included 39 CAD patients, 30 age- and sex-matched no-CAD controls (Ctrls) with coronary risk factors and 50 healthy volunteers (HVs) without coronary risk factors. Bacterial DNA was extracted from their fecal samples and analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results: A characteristic change of gut microbiota was observed in CAD patients, where the order Lactobacillales was increased (CAD, Ctrl vs. HV; 13.6%±12.0%, 6.2%±7.7% vs. 4.1%±5.9%; p＜0.001) and the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides＋Prevotella) was decreased (CAD, Ctrl vs. HV;35.5%±11.6%, 43.9%±11.2% vs. 47.4%±11.5%; p＜0.001). The CAD group was over-represented in enterotype "others" (III), compared with the Ctrl or HV group (p＜0.001, chi-squared test), although we could not deny the possibility that some drugs affect the gut flora types.

Conclusions: Although this study had some limitations, we demonstrated that the incidence of CAD was linked with an alteration of gut microbiota. A prospective study is desired to clarify a causal relationship between CAD and gut microbiota.

Citing Articles

The Modulatory Role of Bioactive Compounds in Functional Foods on Inflammation and Metabolic Pathways in Chronic Diseases.

Ma Z, Fu C, Lee Y Foods. 2025; 14(5).

PMID: 40077524 PMC: 11899172. DOI: 10.3390/foods14050821.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Metabolic Interactions in Heart Failure.

Chulenbayeva L, Issilbayeva A, Sailybayeva A, Bekbossynova M, Kozhakhmetov S, Kushugulova A Biomedicines. 2025; 13(2).

PMID: 40002756 PMC: 11853371. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13020343.

Targeting gut microbiota to regulate the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis.

Giakomidi D, Ishola A, Nus M Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025; 12:1502124.

PMID: 39957996 PMC: 11825770. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1502124.

Past and present foodscapes of a traditional fermented milk, mabisi, in three Zambian regions.

Chirwa-Moonga T, Talsma E, Moonga H, Zwaan B, Schoustra S, Dolfsma W PLoS One. 2024; 19(12):e0310507.

PMID: 39739843 PMC: 11687773. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310507.

Gut microbiota and metabolic responses to a 12-week caloric restriction combined with strength and HIIT training in patients with obesity: a randomized trial.

Nechalova L, Bielik V, Hric I, Babicova M, Baranovicova E, Grendar M BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024; 16(1):239.

PMID: 39639405 PMC: 11619444. DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-01029-7.

References

Teramoto T, Sasaki J, Ishibashi S, Birou S, Daida H, Dohi S . Coronary artery disease. Executive summary of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for the diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Japan--2012 version. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013; 21(2):86-92. DOI: 10.5551/jat.19158. View

Faith J, Guruge J, Charbonneau M, Subramanian S, Seedorf H, Goodman A . The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota. Science. 2013; 341(6141):1237439. PMC: 3791589. DOI: 10.1126/science.1237439. View

Turnbaugh P, Ley R, Mahowald M, Magrini V, Mardis E, Gordon J . An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006; 444(7122):1027-31. DOI: 10.1038/nature05414. View

Takeda M, Yamashita T, Sasaki N, Nakajima K, Kita T, Shinohara M . Oral administration of an active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) decreases atherosclerosis in mice by inducing regulatory T cells and immature dendritic cells with tolerogenic functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010; 30(12):2495-503. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.215459. View

Vinje S, Stroes E, Nieuwdorp M, Hazen S . The gut microbiome as novel cardio-metabolic target: the time has come!. Eur Heart J. 2013; 35(14):883-7. PMC: 3977135. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht467. View

Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Oshima K, Suda W, Nagano Y, Nishikawa H . Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota. Nature. 2013; 500(7461):232-6. DOI: 10.1038/nature12331. View

Emoto T, Sasaki N, Yamashita T, Kasahara K, Yodoi K, Sasaki Y . Regulatory/effector T-cell ratio is reduced in coronary artery disease. Circ J. 2014; 78(12):2935-41. DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0644. View

Sasaki N, Yamashita T, Takeda M, Shinohara M, Nakajima K, Tawa H . Oral anti-CD3 antibody treatment induces regulatory T cells and inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Circulation. 2009; 120(20):1996-2005. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.863431. View

Yamashita T, Kasahara K, Emoto T, Matsumoto T, Mizoguchi T, Kitano N . Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota as Therapeutic Targets for Preventing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Circ J. 2015; 79(9):1882-90. DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-15-0526. View

10.

Osborn A, Moore E, Timmis K . An evaluation of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis for the study of microbial community structure and dynamics. Environ Microbiol. 2001; 2(1):39-50. DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00081.x. View

11.

Ley R, Turnbaugh P, Klein S, Gordon J . Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature. 2006; 444(7122):1022-3. DOI: 10.1038/4441022a. View

12.

Wu G, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen Y, Keilbaugh S . Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011; 334(6052):105-8. PMC: 3368382. DOI: 10.1126/science.1208344. View

13.

Ivanov I, Honda K . Intestinal commensal microbes as immune modulators. Cell Host Microbe. 2012; 12(4):496-508. PMC: 3516493. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.09.009. View

14.

Nagashima K, Hisada T, Sato M, Mochizuki J . Application of new primer-enzyme combinations to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling of bacterial populations in human feces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003; 69(2):1251-62. PMC: 143637. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.2.1251-1262.2003. View

15.

Org E, Mehrabian M, Lusis A . Unraveling the environmental and genetic interactions in atherosclerosis: Central role of the gut microbiota. Atherosclerosis. 2015; 241(2):387-99. PMC: 4510029. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.035. View

16.

Mazmanian S, Round J, Kasper D . A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease. Nature. 2008; 453(7195):620-5. DOI: 10.1038/nature07008. View

17.

Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Shima T, Imaoka A, Kuwahara T, Momose Y . Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species. Science. 2011; 331(6015):337-41. PMC: 3969237. DOI: 10.1126/science.1198469. View

18.

Karlsson F, Fak F, Nookaew I, Tremaroli V, Fagerberg B, Petranovic D . Symptomatic atherosclerosis is associated with an altered gut metagenome. Nat Commun. 2012; 3:1245. PMC: 3538954. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2266. View

19.

De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet J, Massart S . Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010; 107(33):14691-6. PMC: 2930426. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1005963107. View

20.

Ding T, Schloss P . Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body. Nature. 2014; 509(7500):357-60. PMC: 4139711. DOI: 10.1038/nature13178. View