Noncoding RNAs of Plant Viruses and Viroids: Sponges of Host Translation and RNA Interference Machinery

Overview

Journal Mol Plant Microbe Interact

Date 2016 Feb 23

PMID 26900786

Citations 19

Authors

W Allen Miller

Ruizhong Shen

William Staplin

Pulkit Kanodia

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Noncoding sequences in plant viral genomes are well-known to control viral replication and gene expression in cis. However, plant viral and viroid noncoding (nc)RNA sequences can also regulate gene expression acting in trans, often acting like 'sponges' that bind and sequester host cellular machinery to favor viral infection. Noncoding sequences of small subgenomic (sg)RNAs of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) contain a cap-independent translation element that binds translation initiation factor eIF4G. We provide new evidence that a sgRNA of BYDV can globally attenuate host translation, probably by sponging eIF4G. Subgenomic ncRNA of RCNMV is generated via 5' to 3' degradation by a host exonuclease. The similar noncoding subgenomic flavivirus (sf)RNA, inhibits the innate immune response, enhancing viral pathogenesis. Cauliflower mosaic virus transcribes massive amounts of a 600-nt ncRNA, which is processed into small RNAs that overwhelm the host's RNA interference (RNAi) system. Viroids use the host RNAi machinery to generate viroid-derived ncRNAs that inhibit expression of host defense genes by mimicking a microRNA. More examples of plant viral and viroid ncRNAs are likely to be discovered, revealing fascinating new weaponry in the host-virus arms race.

Citing Articles

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Discovery and Genome Characterization of a Closterovirus from Wheat Plants with Yellowing Leaf Symptoms in Japan.

Kondo H, Sugahara H, Fujita M, Hyodo K, Andika I, Hisano H Pathogens. 2023; 12(3).

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Opportunities and Challenges of Predictive Approaches for the Non-coding RNA in Plants.

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Effects of the Noncoding Subgenomic RNA of Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus in Virus Infection.

Kanodia P, Miller W J Virol. 2021; 96(3):e0181521.

PMID: 34851690 PMC: 8826918. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01815-21.

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