Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), Novel Biomarker for Assessing Atrial Fibrosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Rheumatic Heart Disease

Overview

Journal Int J Clin Exp Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2016 Feb 18

PMID 26885055

Citations 16

Authors

Yong-Ming Zhou

Ming-Jiang Li

Yan-Li Zhou

Le-le Ma

Xin Yi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been identified as a strong biomarker of cardiovascular diseases; however, no evidence are available concerning the relationship of GDF-15 and atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD).

Methods: Twenty patients with rheumatic heart disease were divided into two groups, 10 cases with AF and 10 cases with sinus rhythm (SR). Clinical data and blood samples were collected; left atrial appendage was taken by the surgeon in the process of valve replacement. Masson stained sections and mRNA levels of cardiac fibrosis biomarkers were used to determine the level of cardiac fibrosis, the expression level of GDF-15 was evaluated via immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: Compared with SR group, more collagen deposited in the atrial tissue of AF group. The distribution of GDF-15 in the AF group was significantly higher than SR group (P<0.05). In addition, plasma GDF-15 level and mRNA level of GDF-15 in atrial tissue of AF showed the same trend as the result of immunohistochemistry. After linear correlation analysis, the expression level of GDF-15 was found to be positively related to the degree of cardiac fibrosis.

Conclusion: GDF-15 might involve in the development and maintenance of atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease, and GDF-15 could be used as a novel biomarker to evaluate myocardial fibrosis in the future.

Citing Articles

Molecular changes in intraocular fluid: implications for myopia.

Zhang Z, Lv L, Chen D, Li F, Zhou J Int J Biol Sci. 2024; 20(13):5330-5342.

PMID: 39430251 PMC: 11489174. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.101438.

Role of GDF-15 in diabetic nephropathy: mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential.

Zhang X, Zhou C, Ma L Int Urol Nephrol. 2024; 57(1):169-175.

PMID: 39150600 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04179-2.

Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of atrial myopathy.

Tubeeckx M, De Keulenaer G, Heidbuchel H, Segers V Basic Res Cardiol. 2024; 119(2):215-242.

PMID: 38472506 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01038-0.

Aqueous humor protein markers in myopia: a review.

Shao J, Zhang Z, Cai X, Shen Y, Tong J Int Ophthalmol. 2024; 44(1):21.

PMID: 38324137 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02942-z.

Accelerated ageing and coronary microvascular dysfunction in chronic heart failure in Tgαq*44 mice.

Berkowicz P, Toton-Zuranska J, Kwiatkowski G, Jasztal A, Csipo T, Kus K Geroscience. 2023; 45(3):1619-1648.

PMID: 36692592 PMC: 10400753. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00716-y.

References

Kahli A, Guenancia C, Zeller M, Grosjean S, Stamboul K, Rochette L . Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels are associated with cardiac and renal injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. PLoS One. 2014; 9(8):e105759. PMC: 4149498. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105759. View

Lok D, Klip I, Lok S, Bruggink-Andre de la Porte P, Badings E, Wijngaarden J . Incremental prognostic power of novel biomarkers (growth-differentiation factor-15, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, galectin-3, and high-sensitivity troponin-T) in patients with advanced chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2013; 112(6):831-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.05.013. View

Wollert K, Kempf T . GDF-15 in heart failure: providing insight into end-organ dysfunction and its recovery?. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012; 14(11):1191-3. DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs158. View

Gaggin H, Szymonifka J, Bhardwaj A, Belcher A, De Berardinis B, Motiwala S . Head-to-head comparison of serial soluble ST2, growth differentiation factor-15, and highly-sensitive troponin T measurements in patients with chronic heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2014; 2(1):65-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.10.005. View

Fan L, Jin Z, Zong M, Wang Q, Ju Y, Sun L . Growth differentiation factor 15, ischemia modified albumin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Lab. 2014; 60(6):973-82. DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2013.130448. View

Izumiya Y, Hanatani S, Kimura Y, Takashio S, Yamamoto E, Kusaka H . Growth differentiation factor-15 is a useful prognostic marker in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Can J Cardiol. 2014; 30(3):338-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.010. View

Letsas K, Weber R, Burkle G, Mihas C, Minners J, Kalusche D . Pre-ablative predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence following pulmonary vein isolation: the potential role of inflammation. Europace. 2008; 11(2):158-63. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eun309. View

Tantawy A, Adly A, Rahman Ismail E, Youssef O, Ali M . Growth differentiation factor-15 in children and adolescents with thalassemia intermedia: Relation to subclinical atherosclerosis and pulmonary vasculopathy. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2015; 55(2):144-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.06.001. View

Breit S, Johnen H, Cook A, Tsai V, Mohammad M, Kuffner T . The TGF-β superfamily cytokine, MIC-1/GDF15: a pleotrophic cytokine with roles in inflammation, cancer and metabolism. Growth Factors. 2011; 29(5):187-95. DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2011.607137. View

10.

Geng H, Li R, Su Y, Pan H, Pan M, Ji X . A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in interleukin-6 promoter is associated with p wave dispersion in hypertensive subjects with atrial fibrillation. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 7(11):4434-40. PMC: 4276223. View

11.

Lambert J, Whitson R, Iczkowski K, La Rosa F, Smith M, Wilson R . Reduced expression of GDF-15 is associated with atrophic inflammatory lesions of the prostate. Prostate. 2014; 75(3):255-65. PMC: 4682671. DOI: 10.1002/pros.22911. View

12.

Chyou J, Hunter T, Mollenkopf S, Turakhia M, Reynolds M . Individual and Combined Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Incident Stroke: An Analysis of 3 Million At-Risk US Patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015; 4(7). PMC: 4608064. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001723. View

13.

Song H, Yin D, Liu Z . GDF-15 promotes angiogenesis through modulating p53/HIF-1α signaling pathway in hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2011; 39(4):4017-22. DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1182-7. View

14.

Li M, Yi X, Ma L, Zhou Y . Hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor regulate atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med. 2013; 6(5):1121-1126. PMC: 3820834. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1274. View

15.

Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Hernandez-Baldomero I, Avanzas P, Bosa-Ojeda F . Change in growth differentiation factor 15, but not C-reactive protein, independently predicts major cardiac events in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Mediators Inflamm. 2014; 2014:929536. PMC: 4009282. DOI: 10.1155/2014/929536. View

16.

Fuernau G, Poenisch C, Eitel I, de Waha S, Desch S, Schuler G . Growth-differentiation factor 15 and osteoprotegerin in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a biomarker substudy of the IABP-SHOCK II-trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014; 16(8):880-7. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.117. View

17.

Shiran A, Sagie A . Tricuspid regurgitation in mitral valve disease incidence, prognostic implications, mechanism, and management. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53(5):401-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.048. View

18.

Andrade J, Khairy P, Dobrev D, Nattel S . The clinical profile and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation: relationships among clinical features, epidemiology, and mechanisms. Circ Res. 2014; 114(9):1453-68. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303211. View

19.

Sun J, Yan H, Wugeti N, Guo Y, Zhang L, Ma M . Microelectrode array measurement of potassium ion channel remodeling on the field action potential duration in rapid atrial pacing rabbits model. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(1):249-56. PMC: 4358449. View

20.

Shi X, Chen F, Liang Z, Li J, Lin K, Guo J . Is dabigatran efficacy enough to prevent stroke in atrial fibrillation patient with high CHADS2 score during peri-procedural catheter radiofrequency ablation? A case report with literature review. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8(4):6592-600. PMC: 4483948. View