Herbal Formulation C168 Attenuates Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in HCT 116 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells: Role of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage

Overview

Journal Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

Specialty Rehabilitation Medicine

Date 2016 Feb 18

PMID 26884792

Citations 7

Authors

Lek Mun Leong

Kok Meng Chan

Asmah Hamid

Jalifah Latip

Nor Fadilah Rajab

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The use of herbal formulations has gained scientific interest, particularly in cancer treatment. In this study, the herbal formulation of interest, denoted as C168, is a mixture of eight genera of plants. This study aims to investigate the antiproliferative effect of C168 methanol extract (CME) on various cancer cells and its underlying mechanism of action on the most responsive cell line, namely, HCT 116 cells. CME exerted antiproliferative activities on HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma cells and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells but not on CCD-841-CoN normal colon epithelial cells, Jurkat E6.1 lymphoblastic leukemic cells, and V79-4 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. Further investigation on HCT 116 cells showed that CME induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Treatment of CME induced oxidative stress in HCT 116 cells by increasing the superoxide anion level and decreasing the intracellular glutathione. CME also increased tail moment value and H2AX phosphorylation in HCT 116 cells, suggesting DNA damage as an early signal of CME induced apoptosis. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in CME-treated cells also indicated the involvement of mitochondria in CME induced apoptosis. This study indicated the selectivity of CME toward colon cancer cells with the involvement of oxidative damage as its possible mechanism of action.

Citing Articles

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Anticancer Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol, Delta-Tocotrienol and Gamma-Tocotrienol on Chondrosarcoma Cells.

Pang K, Foong L, Ghafar N, Soelaiman I, Law J, Leong L Nutrients. 2022; 14(20).

PMID: 36296960 PMC: 9611384. DOI: 10.3390/nu14204277.

Curcumin piperidone derivatives induce anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in LN-18 human glioblastoma cells.

Razali N, Lam K, Rajab N, Jamal A, Kamaluddin N, Chan K Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):13131.

PMID: 35907913 PMC: 9338982. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16274-4.

Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages.

Nordin F, Pearanpan L, Chan K, Kumolosasi E, Yong Y, Shaari K PLoS One. 2021; 16(8):e0256012.

PMID: 34379689 PMC: 8357171. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256012.

Establishing SW1353 Chondrocytes as a Cellular Model of Chondrolysis.

Pang K, Chow Y, Leong L, Law J, Ghafar N, Soelaiman I Life (Basel). 2021; 11(4).

PMID: 33805920 PMC: 8064306. DOI: 10.3390/life11040272.

Sanjie Yiliu Formula Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth by Suppression of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis.

Tang R, Li Z, Hu D, Kanwal F, Yuan C, Mustaqeem M ACS Omega. 2021; 6(11):7761-7770.

PMID: 33778287 PMC: 7992181. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05565.

References

Wang H, Ye Y, Pan S, Zhu G, Li Y, Fong D . Proteomic identification of proteins involved in the anticancer activities of oridonin in HepG2 cells. Phytomedicine. 2010; 18(2-3):163-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.06.011. View

Hsieh T, Chen S, Wang X, Wu J . Regulation of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression in the androgen-responsive human prostate LNCaP cells by ethanolic extracts of the Chinese herbal preparation, PC-SPES. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1997; 42(3):535-44. DOI: 10.1080/15216549700202941. View

Herman-Antosiewicz A, Singh S . Signal transduction pathways leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in cancer cells by Allium vegetable-derived organosulfur compounds: a review. Mutat Res. 2004; 555(1-2):121-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.04.016. View

Woo S, Choi Y, Cho S, Park S, Ko S . A New Herbal Formula, KSG-002, Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Targeting NF- κ B-Dependent TNF α Production in Macrophages. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013:728258. PMC: 3683439. DOI: 10.1155/2013/728258. View

Yang J, Xu Z, Huang Y, Hamrick H, Duerksen-Hughes P, Yu Y . ATM and ATR: sensing DNA damage. World J Gastroenterol. 2004; 10(2):155-60. PMC: 4716994. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i2.155. View

Yin S, Wei W, Jian F, Yang N . Therapeutic applications of herbal medicines for cancer patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013:302426. PMC: 3727181. DOI: 10.1155/2013/302426. View

Nigam N, Bhui K, Prasad S, George J, Shukla Y . [6]-Gingerol induces reactive oxygen species regulated mitochondrial cell death pathway in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2009; 181(1):77-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.05.012. View

Ng P, Rajab N, Then S, Mohd Yusof Y, Wan Ngah W, Pin K . Piper betle leaf extract enhances the cytotoxicity effect of 5-fluorouracil in inhibiting the growth of HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2014; 15(8):692-700. PMC: 4129089. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1300303. View

Das D, Preet R, Mohapatra P, Satapathy S, Siddharth S, Tamir T . 5-Fluorouracil mediated anti-cancer activity in colon cancer cells is through the induction of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli: Implication of the long-patch base excision repair pathway. DNA Repair (Amst). 2014; 24:15-25. PMC: 4830146. DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.10.006. View

10.

Faivre S, Chan D, Salinas R, Woynarowska B, Woynarowski J . DNA strand breaks and apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin in cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003; 66(2):225-37. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00260-0. View

11.

Kwon H, Hwang J, So J, Lee C, Sahoo A, Ryu J . Cinnamon extract induces tumor cell death through inhibition of NFkappaB and AP1. BMC Cancer. 2010; 10:392. PMC: 2920880. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-392. View

12.

Mohd Ghazali M, Al-Naqeb G, Selvarajan K, Hazizul Hasan M, Adam A . Apoptosis Induction by Polygonum minus is related to antioxidant capacity, alterations in expression of apoptotic-related genes, and S-phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cell line. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:539607. PMC: 4052882. DOI: 10.1155/2014/539607. View

13.

Chan K, Hamzah R, Rahaman A, Jong V, Khong H, Rajab N . The pyranoxanthone inophyllin A induces oxidative stress mediated-apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012; 50(8):2916-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.048. View

14.

Chan K, Rajab N, Siegel D, Din L, Ross D, Inayat-Hussain S . Goniothalamin induces coronary artery smooth muscle cells apoptosis: the p53-dependent caspase-2 activation pathway. Toxicol Sci. 2010; 116(2):533-48. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq151. View

15.

Ray P, Huang B, Tsuji Y . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cell Signal. 2012; 24(5):981-90. PMC: 3454471. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008. View

16.

Chan K, Rajab N, Ishak M, Ali A, Yusoff K, Din L . Goniothalamin induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2005; 159(2):129-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.10.107. View

17.

Inayat-Hussain S, Chan K, Rajab N, Din L, Chow S, Kizilors A . Goniothalamin-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis via caspase-2 independent and Bcl-2 independent pathways in Jurkat T-cells. Toxicol Lett. 2009; 193(1):108-14. PMC: 2828539. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.010. View

18.

Van Cutsem E, Borras J, Castells A, Ciardiello F, Ducreux M, Haq A . Improving outcomes in colorectal cancer: where do we go from here?. Eur J Cancer. 2013; 49(11):2476-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.03.026. View

19.

Tin M, Cho C, Chan K, James A, Ko J . Astragalus saponins induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and tumor xenograft. Carcinogenesis. 2006; 28(6):1347-55. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgl238. View

20.

Ling C, Yue X, Ling C . Three advantages of using traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat tumor. J Integr Med. 2014; 12(4):331-5. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-4964(14)60038-8. View