Degradation of Aggregated LDL Occurs in Complex Extracellular Sub-compartments of the Lysosomal Synapse

Overview

Journal J Cell Sci

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 2016 Jan 24

PMID 26801085

Citations 23

Authors

Rajesh K Singh

Valeria C Barbosa-Lorenzi

Frederik W Lund

Inna Grosheva

Frederick R Maxfield

Abigail S Haka

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Monocyte-derived cells use an extracellular, acidic, lytic compartment (a lysosomal synapse) for initial degradation of large objects or species bound to the extracellular matrix. Akin to osteoclast degradation of bone, extracellular catabolism is used by macrophages to degrade aggregates of low density lipoprotein (LDL) similar to those encountered during atherogenesis. However, unlike osteoclast catabolism, the lysosomal synapse is a highly dynamic and intricate structure. In this study, we use high resolution three dimensional imaging to visualize compartments formed by macrophages to catabolize aggregated LDL. We show that these compartments are topologically complex, have a convoluted structure and contain sub-regions that are acidified. These sub-regions are characterized by a close apposition of the macrophage plasma membrane and aggregates of LDL that are still connected to the extracellular space. Compartment formation is dependent on local actin polymerization. However, once formed, compartments are able to maintain a pH gradient when actin is depolymerized. These observations explain how compartments are able to maintain a proton gradient while remaining outside the boundaries of the plasma membrane.

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