Surgical Therapy of Single Peri-implantitis Intrabony Defects, by Means of Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral with 10% Collagen

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a reconstructive surgical procedure in single peri-implantitis infrabony defects.

Methods: Seventy-five patients with one peri-implantitis crater-like lesion with pocket depth (PD) ≥ 6 mm, were included. Each defect was assigned to one characteristic class, by an independent examiner. After implant decontamination, defects were filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen.

Results: At 1-year follow-up, four patients were lost and six implants removed. Treatment success, PD ≤ 5 mm and absence of suppuration/bleeding on probing (BOP), was obtained in 37 (52.1%) of the 71 implants examined. PD was significantly reduced by 2.92 ± 1.73 mm (p < 0.0001). BOP decreased from 71.5 ± 34.4% to 18.3 ± 28.6% (p < 0.0001). The mean number of deep pockets (≥ 6 mm) decreased from 3.00 ± 0.93 to 0.85 ± 1.35 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: These results confirm the possibility to successfully treat peri-implantitis lesions. There is lack of evidence of whether or not the resolution of the peri-implant disease is associated with the defect configuration. Due to the fact that complete resolution does not seem a predictable outcome, the clinical decision on whether implants should be treated should be based on several patient related elements.