Validation of Cognitive Structures: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Determining sources of item difficulty and using them for selection or development of test items is a bridging task of psychometrics and cognitive psychology. A key problem in this task is the validation of hypothesized cognitive operations required for correct solution of test items. In previous research, the problem has been addressed frequently via use of the linear logistic test model for prediction of item difficulties. The validation procedure discussed in this article is alternatively based on structural equation modeling of cognitive subordination relationships between test items. The method is illustrated using scores of ninth graders on an algebra test where the structural equation model fit supports the cognitive model. Results obtained with the linear logistic test model for the algebra test are also used for comparative purposes.