An Open Trial of Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among Methadone-Maintained Smokers

Overview

Journal Nicotine Tob Res

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Public Health

Date 2015 Dec 30

PMID 26712843

Citations 15

Authors

Michael D Stein

Celeste Caviness

Kristin Grimone

Daniel Audet

Bradley J Anderson

Genie L Bailey

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Smoking cessation pharmacotherapies tested in persons with opioid use disorder have produced low quit rates. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been used by many methadone-maintained (MMT) smokers, but controlled trials evaluating cessation and reduction outcomes have not been performed in this population with deleterious tobacco-related health consequences.

Methods: In this open trial of NJOY e-cigarettes, MMT smokers received 6 weeks of treatment and were instructed to use only e-cigarettes. Outcomes included carbon monoxide confirmed 7-day point smoking cessation prevalence at week 7 (end of treatment) and self-reported change in mean cigarettes per day (CPD) at each 2-week assessment. The final assessment was 2 weeks after treatment ended (week 9).

Results: The 12 participants averaged 46 years old and 50% were male. On average, participants reported smoking 17.8 (±5.3) CPD. One person had a biochemically confirmed quit at week 7. Participants tended to report marked reductions in mean CPD between quit day (week 1) and the week 3 assessment. Relative to baseline, statistically significant reductions in mean CPD were observed at all follow-up assessments. Mean reductions in CPD were -12.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -15.0, -9.9; P < .001), -14.8 (95% CI: -17.4, -12.2; P < .001), -13.9 (95% CI: -16.6, -11.2), and -10.8 (95% CI: -13.4, -8.2; P < .01) at the 3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-week assessments, respectively. Adherence to e-cigarettes was 89.1% during the 6 treatment weeks.

Conclusions: E-cigarettes were associated with reductions in cigarette use. Smoking cessation rates in MMT smokers are low and whether long-term smoking reductions can persist and produce health benefits should be studied.

Implications: E-cigarettes were associated with reduced tobacco use in MMT smokers. Adherence to e-cigarettes is high among methadone smokers. Week-7 smoking quit rates are similar to pharmacotherapies tested in this population.

Citing Articles

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Lindson N, Butler A, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Hajek P, Wu A Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025; 1:CD010216.

PMID: 39878158 PMC: 11776059. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub9.

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Lindson N, Butler A, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Hajek P, Begh R Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024; 1:CD010216.

PMID: 38189560 PMC: 10772980. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8.

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Hartmann-Boyce J, Lindson N, Butler A, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Begh R Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022; 11:CD010216.

PMID: 36384212 PMC: 9668543. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub7.

TOBACCO USE DISORDER AND DUAL DISORDERS Joint statement by the Spanish Psychiatry Society and the Spanish Dual Disorders Society.

Nestor S, Carlos P, Cristina P, Jose M, Ignacio B, Pilar S Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2022; 50(Supplement):77-138.

PMID: 35731182 PMC: 11095114.

Interest in Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among Adults With Opioid Use Disorder in Buprenorphine Treatment: A Mixed-Methods Investigation.

Streck J, Regan S, Neil J, Kalkhoran S, Gupta P, Bearnot B Nicotine Tob Res. 2021; 24(7):1134-1138.

PMID: 34915581 PMC: 9199932. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab259.

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