Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Polymorphisms with Body Mass Index Among Hypertensive North Indians

Overview

Journal Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2015 Dec 3

PMID 26629373

Citations 4

Authors

Saliha Rizvi

Syed T Raza

Zeba Siddiqi

Shania Abbas

Farzana Mahdi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms with body mass index (BMI) in hypertensive North Indians.

Methods: This case-control study was carried out between May 2013 and November 2014 at the Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, India, and included 378 subjects divided into three groups. One group constituted 253 hypertensive individuals (sustained diastolic blood pressure of >90 mmHg and systolic blood pressure of >140 mmHg) who were subcategorised according to normal (<25 kg/m(2)) or high (≥25 kg/m(2)) BMI. The third group consisted of 125 age-, gender- and ethnically-matched normotensive controls with a normal BMI. Gene polymorphisms were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. The genotypic and allelic frequency distribution among both groups were analysed.

Results: A significant difference was found between GST theta 1-null and GST mu 1-positive genotype frequencies among the hypertensive overweight/obese individuals and controls (P = 0.014 and 0.033, respectively). However, no difference was observed in the frequency of ACE polymorphisms. ACE insertion/insertion genotype (P = 0.006), insertion and deletion alleles (P = 0.007 each) and GST theta 1-null and GST theta 1-positive genotypes (P = 0.006 each) were found to differ significantly between hypertensive cases and controls, regardless of BMI.

Conclusion: ACE and GST gene polymorphisms were not associated with BMI but were significantly associated with hypertension among the studied group of North Indians.

Citing Articles

Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders.

Khalid W, Arshad M, Ranjha M, Barbara Rozanska M, Irfan S, Shafique B Open Life Sci. 2022; 17(1):1075-1093.

PMID: 36133422 PMC: 9462539. DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0104.

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) and angiotensinogen (AGT M235T) polymorphisms with the risk of obesity in a Tunisian population.

Khamlaoui W, Mehri S, Hammami S, Elosua R, Hammami M J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2020; 21(2):1470320320907820.

PMID: 32356512 PMC: 7227147. DOI: 10.1177/1470320320907820.

Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms and hypertension risk: an updated meta-analysis.

Rong S, Zhou X, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Xue C J Hum Hypertens. 2018; 33(6):454-465.

PMID: 30420646 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0133-3.

Genes and Cardiovascular Disease: Where do we go from here?.

Nadar S, Sandhu K Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2015; 15(4):e448-51.

PMID: 26629368 PMC: 4664086. DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2015.15.04.001.

References

Narkiewicz K . Diagnosis and management of hypertension in obesity. Obes Rev. 2006; 7(2):155-62. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00226.x. View

Duggan C, Ballard-Barbash R, Baumgartner R, Baumgartner K, Bernstein L, McTiernan A . Associations between null mutations in GSTT1 and GSTM1, the GSTP1 Ile(105)Val polymorphism, and mortality in breast cancer survivors. Springerplus. 2013; 2:450. PMC: 3786079. DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-450. View

Eriksson J . Metabolic stress in insulin's target cells leads to ROS accumulation - a hypothetical common pathway causing insulin resistance. FEBS Lett. 2007; 581(19):3734-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.044. View

Ludwig E, Corneli P, Anderson J, MARSHALL H, Lalouel J, Ward R . Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with myocardial infarction but not with development of coronary stenosis. Circulation. 1995; 91(8):2120-4. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.91.8.2120. View

Hussain K, Salah N, Hussain S, Hussain S . Investigate the Role of Glutathione S Transferase (GST) Polymorphism in Development of Hypertension in UAE Population. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012; 14(8):479-82. PMC: 3470842. View

Rigat B, Hubert C, Corvol P, Soubrier F . PCR detection of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the human angiotensin converting enzyme gene (DCP1) (dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase 1). Nucleic Acids Res. 1992; 20(6):1433. PMC: 312213. DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.6.1433-a. View

Danser A, SCHALEKAMP M, Bax W, Van Den Brink A, Saxena P, Riegger G . Angiotensin-converting enzyme in the human heart. Effect of the deletion/insertion polymorphism. Circulation. 1995; 92(6):1387-8. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.92.6.1387. View

Massiera F, Ceiler D, Murakami K, Fukamizu A, Gasc J, Quignard-Boulange A . Adipose angiotensinogen is involved in adipose tissue growth and blood pressure regulation. FASEB J. 2001; 15(14):2727-9. DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0457fje. View

Ruano M, Silvestre V, Castro R, Garcia-Lescun M, Rodriguez A, Marco A . Morbid obesity, hypertensive disease and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Obes Surg. 2005; 15(5):670-6. DOI: 10.1381/0960892053923734. View

10.

Eisenmann J, Sarzynski M, Glenn K, Rothschild M, Heelan K . ACE I/D genotype, adiposity, and blood pressure in children. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009; 8:14. PMC: 2658665. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-14. View

11.

Morshed M, Khan H, Akhteruzzaman S . Association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and hypertension in selected individuals of the Bangladeshi population. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2002; 35(3):251-4. DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2002.35.3.251. View

12.

Kim K . Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and exercise-mediated changes in Korean women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009; 105(6):879-87. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-008-0973-6. View

13.

Cooper R, McFarlane-Anderson N, Bennett F, Wilks R, Puras A, Tewksbury D . ACE, angiotensinogen and obesity: a potential pathway leading to hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 1997; 11(2):107-11. DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000391. View

14.

Qu H, Lu Y, Lin S . [Meta-analysis on the association of ACE/ID polymorphism and essential hypertension in Chinese population]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2002; 35(6):408-11. View

15.

Julius S, Valentini M, Palatini P . Overweight and hypertension : a 2-way street?. Hypertension. 2000; 35(3):807-13. DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.807. View

16.

Hayes J, Flanagan J, Jowsey I . Glutathione transferases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005; 45:51-88. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095857. View

17.

Kim S, Kim M, Kim K, Song J, Yim S, Chung J . Impact of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms on the smoking-related coronary artery disease. J Korean Med Sci. 2008; 23(3):365-72. PMC: 2526535. DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.3.365. View

18.

Abbas S, Raza S, Chandra A, Rizvi S, Ahmed F, Eba A . Association of ACE, FABP2 and GST genes polymorphism with essential hypertension risk among a North Indian population. Ann Hum Biol. 2014; 42(5):461-9. DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.968206. View

19.

Ali A, Alghasham A, Ismail H, Dowaidar M, Settin A . ACE I/D and eNOS E298D gene polymorphisms in Saudi subjects with hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2012; 14(4):348-53. DOI: 10.1177/1470320312459976. View

20.

Choudhury I, Jothimalar R, Patra A . Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and its Association with Hypertension in South Indian Population. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2015; 27(3):265-9. PMC: 4577519. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0217-8. View