Zinc and Other Metals Deficiencies and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: An Ecological Study in the High Risk Sardinia Island

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2015 Nov 13

PMID 26559814

Citations 15

Authors

Paolo Valera

Patrizia Zavattari

Alessandro Sanna

Salvatore Pretti

Alberto Marcello

Carla Mannu

Clara Targhetta

Graziella Bruno

Marco Songini

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes incidence presents a decreasing gradient in Europe from the Nordic countries to the Mediterranean ones. Exception to this gradient is represented by Sardinia, the second largest Mediterranean island whose population shows the highest incidence in Europe, after Finland. The genetic features of this population have created a fertile ground for the epidemic of the disease, however, as well as being strikingly high, the incidence rate has suddenly presented a continuous increase from the '50s, not explainable by accumulation of new genetic variants. Several environmental factors have been taken into account, possibly interacting with the genetic/epigenetic scenario, but there are no strong evidences to date.

Methods: The present study investigated the hypothesis that geochemical elements could create permissive environmental conditions for autoimmune diabetes. An ecological analysis was performed to test possible correlations between the values of eight elements in stream sediments and type 1 diabetes incidence rate in Sardinia.

Results: Analyses revealed negative associations between elements, such as Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and type 1 diabetes incidence.

Conclusions: The results suggest a possible protective role of some elements against the onset of the disease.

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