Metaphylaxis, Diet and Lifestyle in Stone Disease

Overview

Journal Arab J Urol

Date 2015 Nov 12

PMID 26558032

Citations 4

Authors

Dirk J Kok

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: The most common urinary stones (calcium salts, uric acid) form due to genetic factors and lifestyle. This review describes why, if and how medication and lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of formation.

Methods: Previous reports were reviewed to obtain information on three aspects of urolithiasis, i.e. epidemiology, mechanisms linking lifestyle and urolithiasis and lifestyle intervention for preventing urolithiasis.

Results: Epidemiological evidence links the prevalence of urinary stone formation to general lifestyle factors. Detailed analysis has identified individual lifestyle elements that affect the risk of urinary stone formation. Currently there are several concepts that explain the mechanism of stone formation. Urinary markers like calcium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid and urinary pH are involved in all these concepts. Many studies show that changing (combinations of) specific lifestyle elements has a favourable effect on these urinary markers. Based on this evidence, protocols have been developed that use a combination of these lifestyle changes and medication to prevent stone formation. In well-controlled studies where patients are optimally informed and continuously motivated, these protocols clearly reduce the stone formation rate. In general practice the result is less clear, because the time and tools are insufficient to maintain long-term patient compliance in the use of medication and lifestyle advice.

Conclusion: The risk of stone formation can be reduced in general practice when the patient's compliance is optimised by providing individualised advice, continuous information, and feedback and incorporation of the advice into a regular lifestyle. The use of 'e-tools' might enable this without increasing the time required from the physician.

Citing Articles

Radiomics-driven spectral profiling of six kidney stone types with monoenergetic CT reconstructions in photon-counting CT.

Hertel A, Froelich M, Overhoff D, Nestler T, Faby S, Jurgens M Eur Radiol. 2024; .

PMID: 39665989 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-11262-w.

Knowledge, awareness and dietary practice on urolithiasis among general population in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia: Preliminary findings.

Sowtali S, Ariffin S, Nazli N, Shukri N, Khattak M, Ab Rashid I J Public Health Res. 2021; 10(2).

PMID: 33855421 PMC: 8129754. DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2238.

Confounding risk factors and preventative measures driving nephrolithiasis global makeup.

Shin S, Srivastava A, Alli N, Bandyopadhyay B World J Nephrol. 2018; 7(7):129-142.

PMID: 30510912 PMC: 6259033. DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v7.i7.129.

The preventive treatment of recurrent stone-formation: how can we improve compliance in the treatment of patients with recurrent stone disease?.

Kok D Urolithiasis. 2015; 44(1):83-90.

PMID: 26667826 PMC: 4724361. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0842-9.

References

Ogden C, Carroll M, Kit B, Flegal K . Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. JAMA. 2012; 307(5):483-90. PMC: 6362452. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.40. View

Nelson W, Houghton S, Milliner D, Lieske J, Sarr M . Enteric hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis, and oxalate nephropathy: potentially serious and unappreciated complications of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2006; 1(5):481-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2005.07.002. View

Del Valle E, Negri A, Spivacow F, Rosende G, Forrester M, Pinduli I . Metabolic diagnosis in stone formers in relation to body mass index. Urol Res. 2011; 40(1):47-52. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-011-0392-8. View

Kok D, Papapoulos S, BIJVOET O . Crystal agglomeration is a major element in calcium oxalate urinary stone formation. Kidney Int. 1990; 37(1):51-6. DOI: 10.1038/ki.1990.7. View

Houillier P, Normand M, Froissart M, Blanchard A, Jungers P, Paillard M . Calciuric response to an acute acid load in healthy subjects and hypercalciuric calcium stone formers. Kidney Int. 1996; 50(3):987-97. DOI: 10.1038/ki.1996.400. View

THOMAS J . Vesical calculus in Norfolk. Br J Urol. 1949; 21(1):20-3. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1949.tb10746.x. View

Kok D, Khan S . Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, a free or fixed particle disease. Kidney Int. 1994; 46(3):847-54. DOI: 10.1038/ki.1994.341. View

Robertson W, Heyburn P, Peacock M, Hanes F, Swaminathan R . The effect of high animal protein intake on the risk of calcium stone-formation in the urinary tract. Clin Sci (Lond). 1979; 57(3):285-8. DOI: 10.1042/cs0570285. View

Ettinger B, Citron J, Livermore B, Dolman L . Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not. J Urol. 1988; 139(4):679-84. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)42599-7. View

10.

Inada T, Miyazaki S, Omori T, Nihira H, Hino T . Statistical study on urolithiasis in Japan. Urol Int. 1958; 7(1-3):150-65. DOI: 10.1159/000277382. View

11.

Thurgood L, Sorensen E, Ryall R . The effect of intracrystalline and surface-bound osteopontin on the degradation and dissolution of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals in MDCKII cells. Urol Res. 2011; 40(1):1-15. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-011-0423-5. View

12.

Straub M, Strohmaier W, Berg W, Beck B, Hoppe B, Laube N . Diagnosis and metaphylaxis of stone disease. Consensus concept of the National Working Committee on Stone Disease for the upcoming German Urolithiasis Guideline. World J Urol. 2005; 23(5):309-23. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-005-0029-z. View

13.

Cameron M, Maalouf N, Adams-Huet B, Moe O, Sakhaee K . Urine composition in type 2 diabetes: predisposition to uric acid nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006; 17(5):1422-8. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2005121246. View

14.

Prien Sr E . The riddle of urinary stone disease. JAMA. 1971; 216(3):503-7. View

15.

Grases F, Costa-Bauza A, Gomila I, Ramis M, Garcia-Raja A, Prieto R . Urinary pH and renal lithiasis. Urol Res. 2011; 40(1):41-6. DOI: 10.1007/s00240-011-0389-3. View

16.

Borghi L, Schianchi T, Meschi T, Guerra A, Allegri F, Maggiore U . Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(2):77-84. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa010369. View

17.

Taylor E, Stampfer M, Curhan G . Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA. 2005; 293(4):455-62. DOI: 10.1001/jama.293.4.455. View

18.

Taylor E, Curhan G . Body size and 24-hour urine composition. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006; 48(6):905-15. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.09.004. View

19.

DeMaria E . Bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356(21):2176-83. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMct067019. View

20.

Aegukkatajit S . Reduction of urinary stone in children from north-eastern Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2000; 82(12):1230-3. View